What is the name of the process of beating fats with sugar?
creaming
What are Proteins made of
amino acids
Dextrinisation
The process that occurs when starch is exposed to dry heat; the starch is broken down to dextrin, resulting in a change in colour to golden brown.
What Foods do we get Protein From
meat, fish, dairy products, nuts, seeds and beans
Non-Essential Amino Acids
the amino acids that our bodies produce
Mayonnaise is an example of what type of emulsion?
oil-in water emulsion
Starch gelatinisation
Thickens starchy foods, like gravies.
Caramelisation
The process that sugars undergo when heated to high temperatures to develop a golden brown colour.
What happens when we mix water and oily liquids?
emulsions
Essential Amino Acids
Amino acids that are needed, but cannot be made by the body; they must be eaten
High Biological Value
proteins that contain all of the essential amino acids we need
What process happens when sugar molecules are exposed to high heat?
caramelisation
Animal Sources of HBV Proteins
meat, fish, poultry, eggs, cheese and milk
what is gluten?
protein found in wheat, barley, and rye
how do we get gluten
by mixing water and flour to form dough. gluten molecules can bend and stretch (coiled).
Plant Sources of HBV Proteins
soya beans and quinoa
what are proteins complex structure held by?
chemical bonds, these break down during cooking, causing proteins to denature
Low Biological Value
foods that are missing one or more of the essential amino acids
Sources of LBV Proteins
(only found in animal sources)
peas, lentils, nuts, seeds and most beans
Protein Complementation
combining different LBV proteins to get all the essential amino acids
An Example of Protein Complementation
hummus and pitta
Protein - amounts daily
males
female
55g
45g
Why do Growing Children require more Protein
they need a greater amount of protein relative to their size and body mass
Why do PhysicallyActivePeople require more Protein
they need more protein for muscle growth and repair
Why do PregnantWomen require more Protein
they need 6g more protein to help the baby grow. during breastfeeding, they need even more
Excess Protein
strain on the liver and kidneys
Deficiency of Protein
growth is slowed, hair skin and nails are in poor condition, immune system can't function properly, struggle to digest foods properly, odema, and in severe cases Kwashiorkor
Soya
hbv protein, can be eaten whole but have to be cooked to remove toxicity
Mycoprotein
traditionally made from a mushroom like fungus and egg white, used as an alternative to chicken and mince
TVP
made from soya flour, and is used to make a dough which when baked gives a meat texture
Tofu
curdling soya milk, different textures, can be used in dips and desserts, stir fries
Alternative Proteins
don't taste of much, but they are good at absorbing the flavours of the food they are cooked in
Key Functions of Fats
provide a concentrated source of energy, a source of fat soluble vitamins, forms an insulating layer under our skin, fat makes cholesterol
Fatty Acids
fatty acids and glycerol make up fats (triglycerides)