INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MIGRATION

• 1. How did industrialization influence migration?


  • Industrialization created demand for labor in urban centers, leading to rural-to-urban migration as people sought employment in factories
• 1. How did industrialization drive urbanization?


  • Industrialization created job opportunities in cities, attracting rural migrants seeking work, which led to the growth of urban areas
• 1. What are some major factors that gives to explain international migration?


  • Major factors contributing to international migration include economic opportunities, political instability, conflict, environmental factors, and family reunification
• 1. Why do some say that moreChinese and Indian migrants didn't move to the Americas?

  • Some suggest that more Chinese and Indian migrants didn't move to the Americas due to restrictive immigration policies, racial discrimination, and cultural ties to their homelands
• 1. To what extent does Industrialization and migration explain how economic and environmental factors impacted global migration patterns and social structures?


  • Industrialization increased migration by creating job opportunities in urban centers, while environmental factors such as resource depletion and pollution also influenced migration patterns and social structures
• 1. What are some political"push" and "pull" factors from the political revolutions that resulted in migration?


  • Political "push" factors from revolutions include persecution, political instability, and loss of rights, while "pull" factors include promises of political freedom, economic opportunities, and improved living conditions in other countries
• Massive Migrations


  The long nineteenth century witnessed unprecedented migrations, with millions of people moving between regions worldwide from 1750 to 1914
• Push and Pull Factors


  • Push factors (reasons to leave): problems in homeland, loss of land due to industrialization, wars, religious persecution, and famines
  • Pull factors (reasons to go to a new area): demand for labor in industrializing regions, colonization projects, and opportunities for land ownership
• Decline of the Atlantic slave trade after 1830


  Coincided with the surge of European migration to the Americas
• Urbanization


  • The most significant migration of the era was from countryside to city, driving immense growth in urban populations
  • London and Paris grew significantly from 1800 to 1900
• Imperialism and Labor Demand


  • Colonialism created a significant pull factor for labor in regions like the British Empire, where demand for workers in mines, plantations, and infrastructure projects was immense
  • British and other colonial powers exploited labor from India, China, and other colonies
• Asian immigration to the Americas


  • Was limited due to exclusion laws based on racist ideologies in American countries from the 1880s onward
  • These laws restricted immigration from certain Asian countries, highlighting the impact of political decisions on migration patterns