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A
strength
with
research
into
misleading
information
and
post
event
discussion
is
that
it
has
important
practical
uses
in
the
real
world
,
where
the
consequences
of
inaccurate EWT
can
be
very
serious.
Loftus
(
1975
)
believes
that
leading
questions
can
have
a
distorting
effect
on
memory
and
so
police
officers
need
to
be
very
careful
about
how
they
phrase
their
questions
when
interviewing
eyewitnesses.
This
research
can
have
a
huge
positive
impact
on
several
lives
by
improving
the
way
the
legal system
works.
Zaragosa
&
McCloskey
(
1989
)
argue
that
many
answers
that
participants
give
in
lab
studies
of
EWT
are
the
result
of
demand characteristics.
This
is
because
they
don't
want
to
let
the
researcher
down
and
want
to
appear
helpful
and
attentive.
This
means
that
instead
of
answering
truthfully
,
participants
are
trying
to
work
out
what
is
expected
of
them
,
by
using
cues
in
the
procedure.
There
is
a
danger
that
participants
won't
behave
naturally
which
decreases
the
validity
of
the
study
as
they
are
no
longer
measuring
the
accuracy
of
EWT.
A
limitation
of
the
study
is
that
the
participants
watched
film
clips
of
car
accidents
and
this
is
a
very
different
experience
from
witnessing
a
real
accident
since
these
clips
mainly
lack
the
stress
of
a
real
accident.
This
is
a
problem
as
there
is
evidence
which
suggests
that
emotions
can
have
an
influence
on
memory.
This
is
a
weakness
because
studies
like
this
which
use
artificial
tasks
may
not
suggest
much
about
how
leading
questions
affect
EWT
in
cases
of
real
accidents
or
crimes.
Furthermore
,
it
could
be
that
researchers
such
as
Loftus
are
too
pessimistic
about
the
accuracy
of
EWT
-
it
may
be
more
reliable
than
many
studies
suggest.
This
decreases
the
external validity
of
the
study
as
leading
questions
and
post
event
discussions
may
not
have
as
much
of
an
effect
on
EWT
in
real
life.
However
,
we
should
not
abandon
the
study's
conclusions
as
it
has
helped
the
police
to
structure
their
interviews
with
witnesses
more
efficiently.
Foster
et
al
(
1994
)
stated
that
the
details
eyewitnesses
remember
during
an
event
can
have
very
serious
consequences
in
the
real
world
,
but
the
same
is
not
true
in
research
studies.
During
the
study
,
participants
are
aware
that
the
answers
they
give
will
not
have
any
significant
effects.
However,
in
a
real
life
situation
,
the
reliability
of
EWT
could
make
the
difference
between
life
and
death.
It
could
be
argued
that
leading
questions
have
less
effect
on
the
accuracy
of
EWT
when
the
consequences
are
more
serious
,
since
participants
know
that
their
responses
really
do
matter.
Laboratory
studies
of
eye
witness
testimony
may
underestimate
its
accuracy.
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