Group 6

• Immune System


  A complex network of organs, cells and proteins that defends the body against infection, while protecting the body's own cells. It keeps a record of every germ (microbe) it has ever defeated so it can recognise and destroy the microbe quickly if it enters the body again.
• Functions of the Immune System


  • Recognizing and neutralizing pathogens
  • Removing damaged cells and foreign substances
  • Regulating inflammation
  • Memory response for faster recognition of previously encountered pathogens
• Innate Immune System


  Provides immediate, nonspecific defense against pathogens
• Adaptive Immune System


  Offers specific and long-term protection through immunological memory
• Components of the Innate Immune System


  • Physical barriers (skin)
  • Phagocytic cells (macrophages)
  • Natural killer cells
  • Complement proteins
  • Cytokines
• Components of the Adaptive Immune System


  • B cell-mediated humoral immunity (antibodies)
  • T cell-mediated cell-mediated immunity (cell destruction)
• Microbiological components of the innate immune system


  • Normal Flora
  • They compete with pathogens for essential nutrients and receptor
  • They produce bacteriocin and toxic products that destroy other microorganisms
• Main Parts of the Immune System


  • White blood cells
  • Antibodies
  • Complement
  • Lymphatic system
  • Spleen
  • Bone marrow
  • Thymus
  • Skin
  • Tonsils
  • Mucous membranes
  • Granulocytes
  • Macrophages
  • T lymphocytes
• White Blood Cells


  Cells of the immune system involved in protecting the body against infectious disease and foreign invaders
• Antibodies


  Proteins produced by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses
• Complement


  Part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells, promotes inflammation, and attacks the pathogen's plasma membrane
• Lymphatic System


  A network of vessels, organs, and tissues that work together to transport lymph, a fluid containing white blood cells, throughout the body
• Spleen


  A vital organ located in the upper left side of the abdomen, under the rib cage, that is part of the lymphatic system and plays multiple important roles in the body
• Bone Marrow


  A soft, spongy tissue found inside the bones, responsible for the production of various types of blood cells
• Thymus


  A specialized organ of the immune system located in the upper chest, behind the sternum, that is most active during childhood and gradually decreases in size and function with age
• Skin


  The largest organ of the human body, covering the entire external surface, that serves as a protective barrier between the internal organs and the external environment
• Tonsils


  A pair of small, oval-shaped masses of lymphoid tissue located at the back of the throat
• Mucous Membranes


  Thin, moist linings found in various parts of the body that line the internal surfaces of organs and body cavities that are open to the external environment
• Granulocytes


  A type of white blood cells characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm, part of the innate immune system
• Macrophages


  A type of white blood cell that belongs to the immune system's innate immune response, known for their ability to engulf and digest foreign substances, dead cells, and cellular debris
• T Lymphocytes


  A type of white blood cell that plays a central role in adaptive immunity, responsible for recognizing specific antigens and orchestrating immune responses against them
• Lymphatic System


  Part of the immune system that keeps body fluid levels in balance and defends the body against infections
• Functions of the Lymphatic System


  • Fluid Balance
  • Immune Response
  • Absorption of Fats