PE: Paper 1 AQA A Level PE

Subdecks (3)

Cards (1184)

  • What is venous return?

    The return of blood back to the right side of the heart via the vena cava
  • Why are mechanisms needed to maintain venous return?

    The pressure of the blood in large veins is very low which makes it difficult to get blood back to the heart
  • What are the mechanisms needed to maintain venous return?

    Skeletal muscle pump, respiratory pump, pocket valves, smooth muscle in veins, heart
  • What is the skeletal muscle pump?

    When muscles contract and relax, they press on veins squeezing blood back to the heart
  • What is the respiratory pump?

    When muscles contract and relax during breathing, pressure changes occur in the chest cavity which compress nearby veins squeezing blood back to the heart
  • What are pocket valves?

    Valves in veins keep the blood flowing in one direction and close to prevent backflow
  • What does the smooth muscles in veins do?
    Squeeze the blood back to the heart
  • How does the heart help to maintain venous return?

    The heart acts as a suction pump when it contracts and relaxes
  • What is the impact of blood pressure on venous return?

    When the systolic blood pressure increases, there is an increase in venous return and vice versa
  • What is the equation for blood pressure?
    Blood flow x resistance
  • What is blood pressure?
    The force exerted against the vessel wall
  • What is systolic pressure?

    The pressure in the arteries when the ventricles contract
  • What is diastolic pressure?

    The pressure in the arteries when the ventricles relax
  • Where is blood pressure measured?
    At the brachial artery in the upper arm
  • What is a typical blood pressure reading at rest?
    120/80 mmHg
  • What is blood pressure dependent on?
    The type of blood vessel and the distance from the heart
  • What is the blood pressure in arteries?
    High
  • What is the blood pressure in arterioles?
    Medium
  • What is the blood pressure in capillaries?
    Low
  • What is the blood pressure in the venules?
    Low
  • What is the blood pressure in the veins?
    Low
  • What is the total area of arteries?
    Low
  • What is the total area of arterioles?
    Medium
  • What is the total area of capillaries?
    High
  • What is the total area of venules?
    Medium
  • What is the total area of veins?
    Low
  • What are the two types of circulation?
    Pulmonary and systemic
  • What is pulmonary circulation?

    Deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and oxygenated blood back to the heart
  • What is systemic circulation?

    Oxygenated blood to the body from the heart and then the return of the deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart
  • What are the blood vessels in order?
    Heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, heart
  • What type of walls do arteries have?
    Thick elastic walls. Have a smooth muscle layer
  • What is the lumen of an artery like?
    Small lumen
  • What pressure and velocity do arteries carry blood under?
    High pressure and high velocity
  • Where do arteries carry blood?
    Away from the heart
  • Does an artery contain valves?
    No
  • What are the walls of veins like?

    Thinner less elastic walls with less smooth muscle than arteries
  • What is the lumen of veins like?
    Large lumen
  • What pressure and velocity do veins carry blood under?
    Low pressure and medium velocity
  • Where do veins carry blood?

    Back to the heart
  • What do veins contain?

    Non return valves