1.8 Genomic sequencing

• What is sequence data?

  The sequence of nucleotide bases for individual genes and entire genomes.
• Describe what is involved in bioinformatics.

  Bioinformatics involves the comparison of sequence data using computer programmes and statistical analysis.
• Give three examples of groups that have had their entire genomes sequenced.

  -Disease causing organisms e.g plasmodium, COVID-19.

  -pest species e.g cotton bollworm, two spot spider mite.Species that are important model organisms do research
• Define the word 'pholygenetics'

  The study of evolutionary history and relationships.
• Name two things used to determine the main sequence of events in evolution of life on earth.


  Sequence data

  Fossils evidence
• Name the three domains of life.

  Bacteria

  Archea

  Eukaryotes
• List the main sequence of events in the evolution of life.

  Cells

  Last universal ancestor

  Prokaryotes

  Photosynthetic organisms

  Eukaryotes

  Multicellular organisms

  Animals

  Vertibrates

  Land Plants
• What is assumed about mutation when creating a molecule clock?

  Constant mutation rate.

  Each difference is assumed to be a mutation.
• What differences would scientists be looking for when creating molecular clocks?

  Differences in DNA sequences or amino acid sequences.
• What does pharmacogenetics involve?

  The use of genome information in the choice of drugs.
• Describe what personalised medicine can achieve.

  This can ensure that the type of drug and dosage is the most effective for treatment of the disease in the individual.
• Describe what personalised medicine can achieve.

  This can ensure that the type of drug and dosage is the most effective for treatment of the disease in the individual.