Grammatical signal/expressions

• Writing devices


  Serve to maintain text coherence
• Grammatical signals/expressions


  Signal the relationship between sentences and the one before it
• Grammatical signals/expressions


  Are important writing devices in text construction
• Grammatical signals/expressions


  Give readers or listeners a signal of what will follow an idea
• Idea development


  • The manner or pattern by which a writer or speaker explains their main idea about a topic in a paragraph or paragraphs
• Patterns of organization


  • Show the relationships between supporting details in paragraphs, essays, and chapters
• The organization of the supporting details helps you understand how an author thinks and helps you remember what you read
• General to Particular


  The method of explaining by starting with a broad (big) idea and following it with specific (small) ideas in support of the main idea is sometimes called the deductive method
• Signal words for GENERAL statements


  • Generally, primarily, largely, in general
• Signal words for MAJOR details


  • First, second, third, another, furthermore, moreover, in addition
• Signal words for PARTICULAR ideas


  • Next, for instance, to illustrate, to be specific, specifically, particularly, such as, like
• Counterclaims are also provable and supportable by reasons and evidence
• Signal words for CLAIMS

  • agree, claim, conclude, discuss, illustrate, observe, say, show, suggest, support, think, state, propose, present, maintain, explain
• Signal words for COUNTER-CLAIMS


  • argue, claim, disagree, oppose, contradict, however, but, in contrast, otherwise, notwithstanding, in opposition, nevertheless, on the other hand/on the contrary, although, even though, while it may be true, still others may
• It is necessary to think but when you look at the facts, according to evidence, the study reveals, based on the evidence, the author
• Problem and Solution


  The text presents a significant problem and explains it in detail, then a possible solution is suggested. Sometimes, only the problem is presented because there is no solution.
• Signal words for PROBLEM AND SOLUTION


  • answer, challenge, need, difficulty, dilemma, improve, indicate, issue, plan, problem, propose, remedy, resolve, respond to, solve, suggest
• Cause and Effect


  Cause and effect describes or discusses an event/action that is caused by another event/action. There may be a single cause and effect or several causes with several effects. Answers the question "Why did this happen?"
• Signal words for CAUSES


  • because, causes, creates, due to, for this reason, if this...then, leads to, on account of, produces, since, this as a result, consequently, hence, in effect, resulting, since, therefore, thus
• Signal words for EFFECTS


  • accordingly, as a result, because of this, consequently, for this reason, hence, so, so that, therefore, thus, to this end, with the result that
• Identify grammatical signals or expressions
• Grammatical signals and expressions, general to particular, claim and counterclaim, cause and effect, problem and solution, identify the grammatical signal used in the text