SEROLOGICAL DETECTION OF BATERIAL AND VIRAL INFECTIONS

• Lab workups of Grp A Streptococcal Infection

  Streptozyme, Anti-Streptolysin O
• ASO NV

  < 160 Todd units
• ASO method based on neutralization principle of patient antibody

  Hemolytic test
• ASO Method; Passive agglutination

  Latex
• slide agglutination screening test for detection of Abs to several streptococcal Ags, (+) result is

  Streptozyme, Hemagglutination
• Lyme Disease causative agent:

  Borrelia burgdorferi
• causative agent of Syphilis

  Treponema pallidum subs. pallidum
• causative agent of Toxoplasmosis

  Toxoplasma gondii
• early infection of lyme disease

  erythema migrans
• late infection of lyme disease

  arthritis and neuroborreliosis
• culture medium for diagnosis of Lyme disease

  Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly Medium
• two-tier approach for laboratory diagnosis of Lyme disease

  ELISA, Western blot
• What are the 3 bands that could be present in the Western Blot result for Lyme disease?

  23 kDa, 39 kDa, 41 kDa
• method of choice for detecting rickettsial infections

  Serodiagnosis
• GOLD STANDARD for detecting rickettsial infections

  Indirect Fluorescent Antibody
• Not preferred; Non-specific and insensitive agglutination method

  Weil Felix
• may fail to detect rickettsial nucleic acids early in the course or after development of immunity

  PCR
• Weil Felix is based on cross-reactivity of the patient’s antibodies with polysaccharide antigens present on: _ _ & _ _ of Proteus vulgaris, _ _ of Proteus mirabilis

  OX-19, OX-2, OX-K
• Rickettsia rickettsii causes

  Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
• Rickettsia that cause Epidemic Typhus

  R. prowazekii
• Rickettsia that cause Endemic Typhus

  R. typhi
• Rickettsia that causes Q Fever

  Coxiella burnetii
• _ _ infections causes gastritis, peptic and duodenal ulcers

  H. pylori
• M. pneumonia infections causes

  Respiratory infections
• GOLD STANDARD Lab Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis

  IgG Sabin-Feldman Dye Test (neutralization test)
• Lab diagnosis that demonstrates tachyzoites in tissue sections

  IFA, Histological exam
• Lab diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis; first-line test in endemic areas

  IgM assay
• Tertiary stage of Syphilis is where there is a development of _

  Gummas
• Primary stage of Syphilis is where there is presence of

  Hard Chancre
• Stage of Syphilis where patients may develop Condyloma Lata (flat lesions resembling warts) in moist areas of the body

  Secondary
• Characterized by lack of clinical symptoms; Non-infectious state in which diagnosis can be made only by serologic methods.

  Latent
• Lab Test for diagnosis of Primary Syphilis

  Darkfield examination
• Screening Test for Secondary & Latent stage of Syphilis

  VDRL, RPR
• Confirmatory tests for Secondary & Latent stage of Syphilis

  TP-PA, FTA-ABS
• Lab tests for Tertiary Stage of Syphilis using serum

  RPR, FTA-ABS
• Lab tests for Tertiary Stage of Syphilis using CSF

  VDRL
• used to screen for syphilis because of their high sensitivity and ease of performance

  NON-TREPONEMAL TESTS
• NON-TREPONEMAL TESTS detects the presence of " _ " Abs

  REAGIN
• Treponemal Tests


  FTA-ABS (Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption test), Treponema Pallidum - Particle Agglutination (TP-PA)
• Principle of FTA-ABS


  Indirect Immunofluorescence