Intro to Anaphy

• Anatomy


  The study of the structure or morphology of the body and how the body parts are organized
• Physiology


  The study of the functions of body parts, what they do, and how they do it
• Areas of specialization in Anatomy

  • Gross anatomy
  • Microscopic anatomy
• Specializations in Gross Anatomy

  • Surface anatomy
  • Regional anatomy
  • Sectional anatomy
  • Systematic anatomy
  • Clinical anatomy
  • Pathological anatomy
  • Radiographic anatomy
  • Surgical anatomy
• Specializations in Microscopic Anatomy

  • Cytology
  • Histology
• Specializations in Human Physiology

  • Cell physiology
  • Organ physiology
  • Systemic physiology
  • Pathological physiology
• Directional terms


  • Superior
  • Inferior
  • Anterior
  • Ventral
  • Posterior
  • Dorsal
  • Cephalad or cranial
  • Caudal
  • Medial
  • Lateral
  • Proximal
  • Distal
• Planes


  • Midsagittal plane
  • Sagittal plane
  • Horizontal or transverse plane
  • Frontal or coronal plane
• Cavities


  • Dorsal cavity
  • Ventral cavity
• Thoracic cavity


  Surrounded by the rib cage, contains the heart, lungs, and other organs
• Abdominopelvic cavity


  Contains the kidneys, stomach, liver, intestines, and reproductive organs
• Parietal


  Referring to the walls of a cavity
• Visceral


  Referring to the covering on an organ
• Abdominal quadrants and corresponding pain locations
• Anatomical landmarks
• 1. rays


  Form of high-energy radiation that can penetrate living tissues, areas that are impenetrable appear light or white on the exposed film
• Computerized Tomography (CT) Scan


  Used to show the less radiopaque, soft tissues of the body in much greater detail
• Notable physiologists


  • Marianne Fillenz
  • Mabel Fitzgerald
  • Sir Charles Sherrington
  • Sir Hans Krebs
  • John Scott Haldane
  • Sir Wilfrid Le Gros Clark
• Homeostasis


  Maintenance of the internal environment of the body within varying narrow limits
• Components of homeostatic regulation

  • Stimulus
  • Receptors
  • Control centers
  • Effectors
• Negative feedback loop


  An effector activated by the control center opposes the original stimulus
• Examples of negative feedback loops

  • Thermoregulation
  • Glucoregulation
  • Osmoregulation
• Positive feedback loop


  Tends to enhance or increase the change that triggered it