Modern med

• 1. rays allowed more precise surgery by revealing objects in the body
• Advances in the 20th century included the discovery of blood groups and the development of blood transfusion services
• Marie Curie


  Paved the way for radiology
• Gerhard Damag-second magic butlet Pontos
• Geofcy How Asfield created CAT Scoment

  1972
• Endoscope probes developed


  1976
• MRI Scanning developed


  1987
• MRI Scanning


  Scan of BODY using magnets
• Diseases vaccinated against


  • TUBERCULOSIS
  • DIPHTHERIA
  • TEAMS
  • POLIO
  • MEAXES
• New anti-biotics


  Magic bullets and penicillin were developed to treat infections and disease
• New custom drugs

  Can now target specific particular health problems due to genetic conditions such as Huntington's disease
• Pills can now be mass produced in capsule form (which dissolve in the stomach quicker), whilst the development of hypodermic needles can allow quicker injections into the blood stream and insulin pumps help those with diabetes
• Keyhole surgery (laparoscopic)


  Uses tiny cameras and minute Instruments to operate, which means quicker healing and less impact on the human body
• Microsurgery


  Allowed tiny nerve endings and blood vessels can now be reattached after surgery, which helped menspiant develop
• The first kidney transplant was in 1958 and heart transplant in 1967
• Robotic Surgery


  Surgeons can now use computers to control instruments for precision surgery, often used in brain surgery
• Anaesthetics


  From the 1930s, anaesthetic could be injected into the blood stream allowing precise doses and safer surgery
• 1. Rays can now be used to target and shrink tumours, this is called Radiotherapy which is used to treat cancer
• Dialysis machines


  Keep kidney patients alive until a transplant is available
• Heart bypass machines and pacemakers


  Perform the functions of a heart
• Gene Therapy


  Takes normal genes from a healthy donor and puts them into the DNA of someone suffering from a genetic disease such as cystic fibrosis, stem cells are being trialed to reverse blindness
• Improved prosthetic limbs


  Are now used to help amputees, especially those injured in Iraq or Afghanistan, even 3D printing of parts is in developmental stage
• Deaths from infectious disease have dropped from 25% to less than 1% whilst overall life expectancy has risen to 83 in 2013, this can be attributed to the treatments available
• New disease are constantly appearing without immediate cures/treatment whilst the rise of drug resistant bacteria like MRSA is a growing concern for the medical profession
• There are currently no cures for cancer or heart disease which are linked to lifestyle factors
• The government has now taken significant cation to improve the publics health since 1900, there are two reasons for this: 1) Increased understanding of causes of disease 2) Increased understanding of methods of prevention
• Compulsory vaccinations-Vaccination campaigns launched for measles, polio and diphtheria
• Screening for genetic diseases - Downs Syndrome during pregnancy or testing genes for breast cancer
• Communicating health risks-During times of global epidemics (Ebola 2014-15), government tracked travellers and put quarantine measures in place. Communicating risks is now key in preventing disease
• Charities-British Heart Foundation creates adverts encouraging people to protect their heart by giving up smoking, eating less fat and exercising
• The first national vaccination campaign against diphtheria was launched in 1942
• Over 3000 children died a year from Diphtheria, so in WW2 the government finally took total control. Children were now immunized and diphtheria died out
• Other significant vaccination campaigns included those against contagious disease, Polio. The first vaccine was introduced by 1956 and there has not been a case of polio since 1984!
• Key vaccinations introduced


  • Tenatus, 1961
  • Measles, 1968
  • Rubella, 1970 (which is dangerous for unborn children)
  • HPV, which protects women against an STI than can cause cervical cancer
• The main concern for the government is that parents are free to decline to have their child vaccinated, causing potential illness. Another problem is that flu viruses change so often, new vaccines are required each year!
• The government began to pass laws to to provide a healthy environment for the population, such as the Clean Air Act of 1956 and 1968 to reduce air pollution
• Other recent government acts have included: Smoking ban inside all public buildings 1 July 2007, Limiting car emissions (taxing cars that cause more pollution)
• The government now aimed to help people prevent disease like cancer, heart disease and HIV/AIDS themselves by promoting healthier lifestyles, this included: Advertising campaigns which warned against the dangers or smoking, binge drinking, drug use and unprotected sex
• Everyone over the age of 40 is given the opportunity to have a health check every 5 years focussing on blood pressure, weight and cholesterol levels and it also includes lifestyle advice
• The 1911, National Insurance Act did provide help for workers who fell but it was a long way from including all the population such as the elderly, families or unemployed. From 1912, clinics in schools did begin to give childran frae medical treatment