(2) bonding

• what type of bonding happens between a metal and a non-metal

  ionic bonding
• what type of bonding happens between 2 metals 

  metalic bonding
• what type of bonding happens between 2 non-metals

  covalent bonding
• What charge do ions of group 2 elements have?

  +2
• What charge do ions of group 7 elements have?

  -1
• Explain in terms of electrons what occurs when magnesium bonds with oxygen?

  2 electrons are transferred from magnesium to oxygen, making magnesium a 2+ ion and oxygen a 2- ion
• What is the name for a substance made of billions of oppositely charged ions joined together?

  giant ionic lattice
• Explain why ionic substances have high melting points.

  they have strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions, which means a lot of energy is needed to break them
• Explain why ionic compounds do not conduct electricity when solid.

  because the ions are not free to move
•  What is the name given to the structure of diamond, graphite and silicon dioxide?

  giant covalent
• How many bonds does each carbon have in diamond?

  four
• Explain why diamond has a high melting point.

  it has a giant structure, and millions of strong covalent bonds between atoms, which requires lots of energy to break
• Why does graphite conduct electricity?

  because there are delocalised electrons to carry the charge
•  Explain why graphite is soft and slippery and can act as a lubricant.

  it has weak forces of attraction between layers are easily overcome, which means that the layers are free to slide over each other
• Which is stronger an alloy or a pure metal?

  alloy is stronger
• What is graphene?


  singular layer of graphite
• What is a fullerene?

  substances which are made of carbon atoms arranged to form hollow structures
• What type of substance are methane, oxygen and water?

  simple molecular
• Explain why methane has a low melting point.

  because it is a simple molecular substance with weak (intermolecular) forces between molecules, which are easy to break - less energy
• Describe the main features of metals in terms of their structure.

  has positively metal ions which are arranged in layers with delocalised electrons moving throughout the structure