pre finals

• Computer Network


  A collection of computers and computing resources connected together to facilitate communication between resources
• Establishing network access


  1. Have a network interface that connects to your network access point

  2. Run your network services

  3. Have access to a network-broadcast device
• Network-broadcast devices


  • Hub
  • Switch
  • Router
  • Gateway
• TCP/IP layers


  • Network Interface Layer
  • Internet Layer
  • Transport Layer
  • Application Layer
• Network Interface Layer


  Responsible for placing TCP/IP packets on the network medium and receiving TCP/IP packets off the network medium
• Protocols in Internet Layer

  • Internet Protocol (IP)
  • Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
  • Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
  • Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
• Protocols in Transport Layer

  • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
  • User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
• Protocols in Application Layer

  • Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
  • File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
  • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
  • Telnet
• Protocols used in facilitating the use and management of TCP/IP networks

  • Domain Name System (DNS)
  • Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
  • Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
• Networking Commands


  1. ping

  2. traceroute/tracepath

  3. ip

  4. netstat

  5. ftp

  6. wget

  7. ssh
• Sample usage of ping


  • ping www.example.com

  
• Sample usage of tracepath


  • tracepath www.example.com
• Sample usage of ip a


  • ip a
• Sample usage of netstat-ie


  • netstat -ie
• Sample usage of netstat-r


  • netstat -r
• Sample usage of ftp


  • ftp ftp.example.com
• Sample usage of wget


  • wget http://www.example.com/file.zip