System Ad

Subdecks (2)

Cards (139)

  • Software
    A series of related instructions that tells the computer what task(s) to do and how to perform them
  • Categories of software
    • System software
    • Application software
  • System software
    Consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices
  • Types of system software
    • Operating system
    • Utility program
  • Operating system
    A set of programs that coordinates all the activities among computer hardware devices
  • Utility program
    Allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs
  • Application software
    Consists of programs designed to make users more productive and/or assist them with personal tasks
  • Factors to consider before installing software
    • Necessity
    • Requirements
    • Support
  • A package manager is a program used to install, update, upgrade, or remove software
  • Commonly used package managers in Linux
    • rpm (Red Hat Package Manager)
    • yum (Yellowdog Updater Modifier)
    • apt (Advanced Packaging Tool)
  • Syntax for installing an rpm file
    rpm [option] file(s)
  • RPM Installation and Upgrade Options
    • --excludedocs
    • --force
    • --ignoresize
    • --ignorearch
    • --includedocs
    • --nosignature
    • --nodeps
  • Package dependencies
    Software libraries required to complete the installation of a given piece of software
  • Parts of the yum instruction
    1. Command: install, update, remove, list
    2. Package Name: a software title
    3. Options
  • Sample usages of yum
    • yum install emacs
    • yum update httpd
    • yum list *gnome*
    • yum list gimp[0-9]
  • Additional yum Commands
    • check-update
    • clean
    • downgrade
    • groupinstall, grouplist, groupremove, groupupdate
    • info
  • Software Maintenance for rpm
    Commands used in upgrading: -U (upgrade), -F (freshen)
  • Options for rpm -U and -F commands
    • --replacepkgs: Forces the installation of the package during the upgrade even if that particular package already exists
    • --replacefiles: Forces the installation of files that already exist
    • --oldpackage: Downgrades from the currently installed package to a previous one
    • --force: Performs all the above options
  • Software Maintenance for yum
    Options used in updating: check-update, downgrade, groupupdate, reinstall, update, update-to, upgrade, upgrade-to
  • apt package manager in Debian Linux

    The primary program for software installation is called apt-get
  • apt-get syntax
    apt-get [options] command package(s)
  • Possible apt-get commands
    • install
    • remove
    • update
    • upgrade
    • dist-upgrade
  • Additional apt Programs
    • apt-cache: Used to query the APT package cache
    • apt-file: Used to examine a package to identify the specific files that are included
    • apt-secure: Used to ensure the integrity and authenticity of a package through digital signature checking
  • In rpm, the command used to remove a package is -e or --erase
  • In yum, the syntax used in removing a package is: yum remove packagename
  • An operating system (OS) is the sum of all programs required to operate a computer and control and monitor application programs
  • UNIX was originally written in the programming language C and is mainly used for scientific-technical applications on mainframes and workstations
  • Linux is a family of UNIX-like open-source operating systems developed by Linus Torvalds
  • The Linux Kernel is the main component of a Linux OS
  • A Linux distribution (distro) is a collection of software on top of a Linux kernel
  • A distro aims to provide a common look and feel, secure and easy software management, and often a specific operational purpose
  • Shells are interfaces to the operating system, providing necessary instructions and operations
  • Forms of shells
    • GUI (Graphical User Interface)
    • CLI (Command Line Interface)
  • New users will pick up a GUI much faster than a CLI
  • CLI users have more control over the file system and operating system, and tasks become simple through scripting
  • GUI users can do only simple and limited tasks not flexible enough for controlling the system
  • Linux Desktop Environments
    • GNOME
    • KDE
    • Xfce
  • GNOME was once the most popular Linux desktop environment and was used by default on Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian, and most other big Linux distributions
  • KDE has always been more complex than GNOME, packing in many more configuration options and features
  • Xfce is a more lightweight desktop environment, very similar to GNOME