cognitive approach

• Schema


  a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
• Confabulation


  the act of filling in memory gaps
• Memory


  Encoding, storing and recalling previously learned information
• Rationalisation


  Making something make sense by changing the memory to fit in with our schema
• Shortening


  Memory becomes shorter than actual event, cut out detail and miss information
• Cognitive priming


  Exposure to one stimulus influences how you respond to subsequent stimuli
• Cognitive script


  set of behaviours that are performed the same way each time. Produces a series of expectations for a situation
• Repetition


  Form of direct priming where you respond to something quicker as you have experienced it before
• Semantic


  What is being primed and what is being targeted have very similar features e.g cat...cheetah
• Associative priming


  Target is a word commonly associated with what is being primed, does not share the same semantic features
• Confirmation bias


  a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence
• Cognitive biases


  Brain takes shortcuts to enable faster processing but can lead to biases in the way we process information
• Fundamental attribution error (FAE)


  Tendency to underestimate your actions in a situation but overestimate someone else's actions in a situation
• Hostile attribution bias


  Tendency to believe ordinary behaviour of others is threatening to you
• a concept or framework that organizes and interprets informtion

  schema
• the act of filling in memory gaps


  confabulation
• making something make sense by changing the memory to fit in with our schema

  rationalisation
• memory becomes shorter than actual event, cut out detail and miss information


  shortening
• exposure to one stimulus influences how you respond to subsequent stimuli

  cognitive priming
• set of behaviours that are performed the same way each time. produces a series of expectations for a situation

  cognitive script
• form of direct priming where you respond to something quicker as you have experienced it before

  repetition
• what is being primed and what is being targeted have very similar features e.g cat, cheetah

  semantic
• traget is word commonly associated with what is being primed, does not share the same semantic features

  associative priming
• a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

  confirmation bias
• brain takes shortcuts to enable faster processing but can lead to biases in the way we process information

  cognitive biases
• tendency to underestimate your actions in a situation but overestimate someone else's actions in a situation


  fundamental attribution error (FAE)
• tendency to believe ordinary behaviour of others is threatening to you

  hostile attribution bias
• what is one key assumption of the cognitive approach?

  computer analogy