The Netherlands

• 1555


  Augsburg peace

  'each prince to his own faith'
• estates generals asked for

  political autonomy and religious freedom
• 1559


  left the Netherlands and never returned

  Margaret of parma (regent), Horne, Egmont, Montigny, William of orange all left in the Netherlands
• 1561 Granvelle 


  impose the inquisition, create bishoprics and persecute hertics
• 1564 Granvelle + quote

  dismissed as advised by Egmont and Horne

  ' greedy, haughty and nepotistic' - Woodward
• Segovia woods letter


  Egmont goes to Madrid to ask for PA and RF from Philip who agrees but then later reverses this in the letter
• 1565 nobility


  400 nobles rebelled against Philip to resist the inquisition
• 1566 nobility


  a further 300 nobles rebelled to ban the inquisition
• 1566 


  Philip agrees to ban the inquisition but reversed this and sent Alba with 72,000 troops to the Netherlands causing riots
• alba in the Netherlands 


  sets up the council of troubles that arrested over 12,000 people and executed 1,000

  'reign of terror' - Woodward
• 1567 deaths


  Egmont and Horne executed
• 1568 William of orange 


  chose exile
• 1570 murder


  montigny murdered in simancas
• new tax 


  1571 alba introduced 2 new taxes
• brill and flushing 


  1572 uprisings against new tax
• Alba recalled from the Netherlands

  1572
• Requesens 


  1573 replaces alba

  warns Philip of the extreme poverty and cost of foreign policies

  died in 1575
• 1576 arrival of


  Don Jon
• perpetual edict 


  signed by Don Jon in 1577 to remove some troops
• Don Jon died 


  1578
• 1580


  union of arras

  united the 6 catholic states in the Netherlands

  removed troops from these states
• Duke of Parma regent from

  1580
• 1580 William of Orange's...

  apology
• 1581 act of 


  abjuration

  made by William of orange and the estates general to get PA and RF
• by 1582 .... troops in the Netherlands 


  60,000
• 1584 assassination of


  William of orange
• treaty of nonsuch 


  1585

  troops provided by Elizabeth to the Netherlands
• 1594 


  gives the Netherlands to Isabella and Ernst of Austria
• treaty of vervins


  Isabella and Albert of Austria give the Netherlands

  self government and spanish sovereignty
• 1595 ernst of austria dies


  and she marries his brother Albert