Philip

• 1543 Charles advice to Philip 
 


  suppress heresy, serve god, balance power between advisors, maintain inheritance and uphold the inquisition
• Parker quote


  micro managed
• added councils 


  Portugal 1582

  italy 1559

  Flanders 1559
• perez 


  secretary of the council of state 1559-66

  1578 he and Philip murdered escabedo

  imprisoned by the inquisition and on the run until his death in 1611
• eboli


  councillor of state 1550s

  opposed Alba
• espinosa 


  in almost every council, inquisitor general and royal confessor until his death 1572
• alba 


  foreign governor

  governed the Netherlands until his disgrace in 1579

  secured cateau cambresis 1559

  75,000 troops in the Netherlands 1572
• requesens 


  opposed Granvelle
• Granvelle


  chief foreign advisor
• administrative chaos 


  koenigsberger
• idiaquez and de moura


  directed foreign policy from 1580s
• Vazquez


  private secretary, royal confessor 1572-90

  established the junta system
• corregidores


  trained in law, 66 in spain, collect tax, enforce law and visit towns
• cortes


  met 12 times
• when did the cortes refuse grants

  1571 and 1573
• towns refused the


  triple encambezamiento 1575-6

  collectors would be 'stoned by the people'
• millones


  imposed in 1590 and refused again in 1596
• in 1572-98 the cortes met

  265 days a year
• in his last 20 years the servicio rose 


  from 25% to 40%
• in Aragon


  nobles dominated but Philip appointed viceroys
• 1566 in aragon


  riots broke out against castillian power in Zaragoza and were left alone for 20 years
• religion before Philip 


  all focused on persecuting rather than teaching

  in 30 diocese, 17 occupied by nobles

  only 6 out of 67 parish priests were residents
• moriscos 


  left alone 1522-63
• wealth of Toledo 


  200,000 ducats a year
• could collect ... of clerical revenue

  50%
• woodward quote ' the church was a

  department of state ruled by the king'
• Rome allowed Philip to reject 


  papal decrees and appeals to Rome
• religion 1559


  index of prohibited books - valdes

  burnings on Philips arrival (77 people) - valdes

  recall of Castilian students

  15 tribunals launched

  valdes appealed to the pope allowing the inquisition to act against bishops for 2 years
• 'cut out


  heresy by the roots' - kamen
• council of Trent 


  1545-64

  1000 spanish churchmen involved

  only Philip published the decrees

  changed the wording to 'I philip'

  all clergy had to graduate in theology or canon law
• new seminaries 


  1564-1600 21 new seminaries
• observant Carmelites 


  founded by teresa of Avila in 1562

  established 16 convents

  Philip secured her position in 1580
• jesuits and Carmelites quote

  'revolutionised spanish catholicism' kamen
• jesuits


  founded by Loyola in 1539 and approved by the pope in 1540

  first 2 generals were spanish

  made 'spiritual exercises' to train jesuits

  pilgrimages taken alone
• Carranza + quote


  born a hidalgo and studied at alcala

  acted as a censor and refused any promotion by Charles or philip

  represented spain at the council of Trent

  offered the archbishopric of Toledo (instead of valdes) in 1557 and was forced into the position by Philip

  published 'commentaries on the christian catechism' 1558

  cano and valdes' inquisition claimed the book heretical

  caught by the inquisition and 'disappeared from human sight' - lea

  kept in prison in Rome and spain until 1572 and died in 76

  the wealth of Toledo went to spain until 1566 then Rome
• the army in the Netherlands cost

  80 million over 40 years
• cost of defending Malta

  1565
• le pants cost


  1 million ducats
• state dept in 1474

  74 million ducats
• in 1575 Flanders army cost ... a month

  700,000 ducats