Acids & Bases (Chemistry)

• H2SO4


  sulfuric acid
• HCl


  hydrochloric acid
• H3PO4


  phosphoric acid
• HNO3

  nitric acid
• H2CO3


  carbonic acid
• NaOH


  sodium hydroxide
• KOH


  potassium hydroxide
• Ca(OH)2

  calcium hydroxide
• Universal indicator


  An indicator with a different colour for each pH value.
• Universal indicator in acid

  red, orange, yellow
• Universal indicator in a base

  blue/purple
• Universal indicator in a neutral solution

  green
• Acid


  any compound that forms H+ ions in solution, tastes sour
• Base


  A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution, tastes bitter
• Neutralisation reaction


  acid + base -> salt + water
• Acid/Carbonate reaction


  acid + carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide
• Acid/Metal reaction


  acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen gas
• Pop test


  A test that confirms the presence of hydrogen gas
• Re-ignition test


  A test that confirms the presence of oxygen gas
• Lime water test


  A test that confirms the presence of carbon dioxide gas
• Exothermic reaction


  A reaction that releases energy in the form of heat
• Endothermic reaction


  A reaction in which energy is absorbed
• Dilution


  Adding water to an acid or a base to reduce its strength/danger
• Signs of a chemical change

  a gas evolved, a color change, heat or light is given off, an odour produced, a solid precipitate forms