European literature

• The Old Testament & Iliad and Odyssey


  Two important works during the Archaic times was _____?
• 750


  The beginnings of European literature date back to circa ___ BC
• The Old Testament


  ● consisted of 39 books written originally

  in Hebrew, including tales, lyric poetry,

  and histories

  ● was primarily religious

  and moralistic
• 750 & 350


  Different authors composed the works that would make up the majority of the

  Old Testament between ___ BC and ___ BC
• great epics are attributed to Homer, chronicling the destinies of Greek heroes
• The Iliad and Odyssey


  ● scholars believe the works were composed across centuries by poets using the oral tradition

  ● embodied the war culture of ancient Greece
• Aeschylus


  Concept of trilogy
• Sophocles


  character development and dramatic irony
• Aristophanes


  satire and political commentary
• Plato & Aristotle


  The great philosophers during the Classical times includes___?
• Aeneid


  An epic modeled on the Iliad and Odyssey
• Medieval Period


  ● marked by the fall of the Western Roman Empire (around 476 CE) and the fall of the Eastern Roman Empire (around 1453 CE)

  ● Christianity and Islam rose to become political, social, and cultural institutions
• St. Augustine - The Confessions and City of God

  Dante Alighieri - The Divine Comedy


  Notable religious figures during the medieval period are__?
• Geoffrey Chaucer (The Canterbury Tales)


  The "Father of English Literature"
• ● Mid-14th to mid-17th century: shift towards humanism and classicism in Europe

  ● Collapse of Roman Empire led to emergence of

  England, France, and Spain as political powers
• Renaissance


  ● Mid-14th to mid-17th century: shift towards humanism and classicism in Europe

  ● Collapse of Roman Empire led to emergence of England, France, and Spain as political powers
• England had Shakespeare, Marlowe, and Spenser
• France had Michel de Montaigne, pioneer of the essay
• Spain had Miguel de Cervantes, author of Don Quixote
• Neoclassical Period


  mid-17th century - late 18th century

  ● Reason dominated European society

  ● French: Voltaire and La Fontaine excelled in multiple genres

  ● English: Pope, Dryden, and Swift represented England well
• Romantic Movement (late 18th century - 19th century)


  Response to Neoclassicism, emphasizing individuality and innovation
• Realism and naturalism became popular in the 19th century, aiming to portray

  life as it is.
• Modernism


  is an umbrella term for early 20th century literary movements like symbolism, expressionism, and futurism.
• Postmodernism


  Post-World War II period is known as
• Postmodernism


  _______ reinvents or reframes past works and sympathizes with

  minorities.
• Calvino & Fowles


  Notable European writers include ____ and ____.