Yr 7 History

• What caused the Black Death?


  The Black Death was caused by the bubonic plague, transmitted through fleas that lived on rats and other rodents.
• What was the impact of the Black Death on society?


  The Black Death led to social change, economic consequences, and cultural/intellectual consequences that had a lasting impact on European society.
• What were some of the demographic and environmental consequences of the Black Death?


  The Black Death led to population decline, agricultural impact, changes in family structures, environmental degradation, and possibly even climate change.
• What were some common folk remedies during the Black Death?


  Folk remedies included using opium, wormwood, herbs, spices, and aromatics to treat the symptoms of the plague, as well as more absurd remedies like sticking a feather up your nose and drawings demons out.
• How did folk remedies spread during the Black Death?


  Folk remedies spread through word of mouth, folk tradition, apocryphal literature, travel and trade, and the activities of folk healers and charlatans.
• How did charlatans operate during the Black Death?


  Charlatans claimed expertise, marked themselves as experts, concocted remedies, disseminated information, exploited fear and desperation, and traveled from town to town.
• How did charlatans exploit the situation during the Black Death?


  Charlatans exploited the desperation of the sick, promised "miracle" cures, touted fake medicines, performed fake rituals, exploited superstition and fear, and targeted vulnerable populations.
• What contributed to the rise of charlatanism during the Black Death?


  The lack of medical understanding, desperation and fear, lack of regulation, and wealth disparity contributed to the rise of charlatanism during the Black Death.
• What was the impact on society during the Black Death?

  The plague had a significant impact on society, causing social and economic disruption, changing social dynamics, increasing poverty and inequality, shifting perspectives on medicine, rising witchcraft and superstition, and prompting changes in urban planning and architecture.
• Which groups were most affected by the Black Death?


  The most affected groups included the poor and vulnerable populations, urban populations, merchants and traders, women and children, Jews and minority groups, and travelers and immigrants.
• Why did poor and vulnerable populations suffer disproportionately from the Black Death?


  Poor living conditions, poor nutrition, limited access to healthcare, overcrowding and poor housing, lack of education and awareness, and high mortality rate all contributed to the disproportionate suffering of poor and vulnerable populations during the Black Death.
• The Battle of Hastings


  The Battle of Hastings was fought on October 14, 1066 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Normandy. The Normans, led by William the Conqueror, defeated the English, led by King Harold, and William claimed the English throne.
• English Shield Wall

  The English shield wall was a defensive formation used by the English army at the Battle of Hastings, where soldiers stood in close formation, shields overlapping to create a wall of protection against the Norman cavalry charges.
• Impact on Morale


  The English shield wall likely boosted morale among English soldiers by providing a sense of security, unity, and confidence, but may have also created limitations, fear, and disillusionment that affected their mental state.
• Limitations of the Shield Wall


  The English shield wall was limited by its immobility, vulnerability to flanking, limited visibility, difficulty in reorganizing, overemphasis on defense, and limited options for counterattack.
• Norman Exploitation of Shield Wall Limitations


  The Normans exploited the limitations of the English shield wall by flanking, using cavalry charges, terrain exploitation, mobility, psychological warfare, and feinting and doubling tactics.
• Key Weaknesses of the Shield Wall


  The key weaknesses of the English shield wall were its immobility, vulnerability to flanking, limited visibility, poor organization, lack of mobile reserve, inadequate offense, and limited options for counterattack.
• Limited Visibility in the Shield Wall

  The limited visibility in the English shield wall made it difficult to detect enemy movements, led to delayed reaction, hindered targeting of enemy leaders, contributed to disorganization, and led to an overemphasis on defense.
• Impact of Limited Visibility on English Strategy


  The limited visibility in the English shield wall led to a focus on defense, a rigid formation, lack of reconnaissance, reliance on rumor and hearsay, inability to respond to flanking, and inability to adapt.
• The Peasants' Revolt

  The Peasants' Revolt was a significant event in English history, sparked by social and economic grievances and influenced by the ideas of the French Revolution. The movement was led by John Ball and Wat Tyler, and resulted in violence and civil unrest, ultimately leading to some concessions from King Edward II.
• John Ball and Wat Tyler


  John Ball, a priest, and Wat Tyler, a leader of the peasants, were key figures in the Peasants' Revolt, which aimed to address economic and social grievances and ultimately led to concessions from King Richard II.
• The Aftermath of the Peasants' Revolt


  The Peasants' Revolt was eventually suppressed, with many leaders executed or forced into hiding. The government passed laws to prevent future rebellions, and the nobility was forced to recognize the limits of their power. The rebellion also led to an increase in the power of the monarch and had a lasting impact on English society.
• Social and Economic Impact of the Peasants' Revolt


  The Peasants' Revolt led to increased restrictions on serfdom, enclosure of common land, increased labor mobility, growth of the middle class, changes in economic relationships, and long-term economic growth in England.
• The Conflict between Henry II and Thomas Becket


  The conflict between Henry II and Thomas Becket was sparked by Henry's attempts to assert control over the Church and Becket's resistance to these efforts. The dispute ultimately led to Becket's murder in 1170.
• The Sequence of Events leading to Thomas Becket's Murder


  Henry II's anger and frustration led to the murder plot, and the assassination of Thomas Becket on December 29, 1170. The consequences of the murder led to Henry II's exile and Becket's canonization as a saint.
• The Legacy of Thomas Becket


  Thomas Becket's legacy includes his martyrdom and sainthood, his impact on Catholicism and the Church, English history, and literary and artistic depictions of his life and death.
• The Life and Reign of Henry VIII


  Henry VIII was a six-time married English monarch who ruled from 1509 to 1547. He broke away from the Catholic Church, dissolved the monasteries, and was known for his violence and intimidation.
• The Magna Carta and King John


  King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta in 1215, a document that protected the rights and liberties of the nobility and the Church, establishing constitutional limits on the monarch's power.
• The Significance of the Magna Carta


  The Magna Carta established limited monarchy, protected individual rights, guaranteed due process, and influenced Western democracy, making it a cornerstone of modern democratic thought.
• The Magna Carta


  The Magna Carta is a medieval charter signed by King John in 1215, establishing the rights and liberties of the nobility and the Church, and limiting the king's power.
• The Runnymede Charter


  The Magna Carta was signed at Runnymede, near Windsor Castle, on June 15, 1215, by King John and a group of rebellious barons, establishing the rule of law and the limits on the king's power.
• King John's Initial Refusal


  King John initially refused to sign the Magna Carta because he was concerned about losing power, was proud and egoistic, and worried about the barons' demands.
• The Norman Conquest of Britain


  The Norman Conquest of Britain in 1066 led to the overthrow of the English monarchy, the introduction of French language and culture, and the establishment of a feudal system that dominated English politics for centuries.
• The Norman Conquest: A Turning Point in English History


  The Norman Conquest of 1066 led to a significant increase in French words in the English language, a fusion of Anglo-Saxon and Norman cultures, a shift in the balance of power in England, and the establishment of a centralized monarchy and powerful aristocracy.
• The Norman Conquest: A New Era in English History


  The Norman Conquest of 1066 marked the beginning of a new era in English history, with significant changes in language, culture, politics, and architecture, and the introduction of a new aristocracy, church, customs, and literary forms.
• What is a Castle?


  A large, solidly built structure designed to protect the inhabitants and their valuables from invaders and attacks.
• Motte


  A raised earthwork or mound on which the castle stands.
• Keep


  The strong, tall tower within the castle where the lord and his family lived.
• Concentric Castle


  A castle with multiple walls and moats providing additional defense.
• Knight's Chamber


  A small chamber within the keep where knights slept and prepared for battle.