teatment/prevention/control

• trachoma:

  S = surgery to correct in-turned eyelids and trichiasis

  A = antibiotics (azithromycin) to treat an active infection

  F = facial cleanliness to reduce human transmission

  E = environmental improvement (such as access to clean water and hygiene measures to reduce the fly population) to reduce human transmission
• leprosy: Leprosy is usually treated with multidrug therapy (MDT), which includes dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine.
• Leprosy is spread through droplets from the nose and mouth when people cough or sneeze. You are most likely to catch leprosy if you live closely together in crowded conditions without good ventilation.
• smallpox:

  supportive care

  brincidofovir (TEMBEXA)

  replication-competent vaccines

  avoiding childcare, preschool, school, and work until scabs disappear
• ●       Allergic Conjunctivitis: Antihistamine eye drops, steroid eye drops, OTC artificial tears (for dryness), cool compress

   

  ●       Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Non-steroid and anti-inflammatory drugs( eg. ibuprofen), antibiotics (oral/eye drops/ ointment), OTC artificial tears, cool compress

   

  Viral Conjunctivitis: Non-steroid and anti-inflammatory drugs( eg. ibuprofen), antibiotics (oral/eye drops/ ointment),  OTC artificial tears, cool compress, antiviral medication
• pertussis:

  Early Treatment: It’s crucial to start treatment during the first 1 to 2 weeks of the illness, before the onset of severe coughing paroxysms.

   

  Antibiotics: The recommended antibiotics for treating pertussis are:

  Azithromycin

  Clarithromycin

  Erythromycin

  Vaccine
• influenza:

  Antiviral drugs

  flu vaccine

  Antiviral Medications: oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, and laninamivir.
• aspergilloma:

  Observation: Regular chest X-rays monitor their progression

  Antifungal Medications: standard for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

  ●       Voriconazole (Vfend)

  ●       Amphotericin B

  Oral Corticosteroids

  Surgery

  Use of Masks and Respirators

  Respiratory Hygiene and Cough Etiquette

  Vaccination

  Environmental Cleaning

  Hand Hygiene

  Air Handling Maintenance
• salmonellosis:

  Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS)

  Antibiotics

  Food Safety Practices:

  -Avoiding raw foods

  -Proper cooking

  -Good hygiene when preparing food

  Safe Water Practices:

  -Avoiding contaminated water

  -Ensuring that water is from a treated source

  Animal Hygiene:

  -Minimizing direct contact with animals that can carry salmonella

  -Wash hands after touching pets

  Hand Hygiene:

  -Washing hands with soap and water before and after handling, touching, or using something
• Over-the-Counter Medicines


  Loperamide (Imodium) can help treat diarrhea caused by viral gastroenteritis, but caution is advised
• Fluid Replacement


  Replacing lost fluids and electrolytes is crucial to prevent dehydration, can be achieved by drinking water, sports drinks, and oral rehydration solutions
• Probiotics


  Live microbes similar to the ones naturally present in the digestive tract, studies suggest certain probiotics may help shorten the duration of diarrhea
• Recommendations for viral gastroenteritis


  • Over-the-counter medicines
  • Fluid replacement
  • Probiotics
  • Proper hygiene
  • Avoiding interaction
  • Eating clean and safe food
• Hepatitis A


  Supportive care to manage symptoms, as the infection typically resolves on its own without specific treatment
• Hepatitis B


  Antiviral medications and sometimes interferon therapy for chronic infections
• Hepatitis C


  Antiviral medications known as direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) can cure the infection in most cases
• Vaccination


  • Vaccines are available for hepatitis A and B, offering protection against these viruses
• Safe injection practices


  • Avoiding sharing needles or other equipment for drug use or medical procedures
• Practicing safe sex


  • Using condoms can reduce the risk of sexual transmission of hepatitis B and C
• Screening and testing


  • Identifying and treating infected individuals to prevent further transmission
• Harm reduction programs


  • Providing access to clean needles, opioid substitution therapy, and education on safer drug use practices
• giardiasis:

  Metronidazole, Tinidazole

  Clean water, proper sanitation, good food hygiene
• Blood and organ donation screening


  • Screening blood and organ donations for hepatitis viruses to prevent transmission through transfusions and transplants
• helminthic disease:

  Surgery, Albendazole

   Clean water, proper sanitation, good food hygiene

   
• Leptospirosis is treated with antibiotics such as doxycycline or penicillin, which should be given early in the course of the disease. Intravenous antibiotics may be required for persons with more severe symptoms.

  ●     Avoid touching fresh water or soil that may be contaminated with animal urine.

  ●     Avoid touching objects that may be contaminated with animal urine, such as animal bedding.

  ●     Don’t swim from lakes, rivers, or swamps.

  ●     Avoid freshwater contact after flooding or heavy rain.

  ●     Make sure you don’t drink contaminated water.
• gonorrhea:

  Single dose of 500 mg of intramuscular ceftriaxone

  If ceftriaxone is not a viable option, alternative treatment regimens are available.

  Practice safe sex

  Use protection

  See your doctor regularly
• aids:

  Consult your doctor and get treated!!

  Taking a combination of antiretroviral therapy (ART) medications everyday.

  Practice safe sex!! Use proctection

  Take PrEp ( Pre-exposure prophylaxis)