The Periodic Table

• Periodic table


  Arranged based on similar chemical properties
• Reason for gaps in old periodic table

  For undiscovered elements
• Metals


  • Iron
  • Copper
  • Zinc
• Non-metals


  • Carbon
  • Nitrogen
  • Oxygen
• Metals in the periodic table


  • Found on the left hand side
• Non-metals in the periodic table

  • Found on the right hand side
• As you go across period 2 in the periodic table

  The melting point increases from lithium to carbon, then decreases further along period 2 from nitrogen to helium
• Properties of metals


  • Shiny
  • Lustrous
  • Good conductor of heat and electricity
  • High density
  • Ductile
  • Sonorous
• Properties of non-metals


  • Brittle
  • Dull
  • Low density
  • Poor conductor of heat and electricity
• Properties of alkali metals


  • Good conductor of heat and electricity
  • Shiny when cut
  • Low density - floats on water
• Reaction of sodium with water


  Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen
• Reaction of lithium with water

  Lithium hydroxide + Hydrogen
• Test for hydrogen gas


  Squeaky pop test. Use a lit splint.
• As you go down group 1 (alkali metals)


  Reactivity increases
• Properties of group 7 (halogens)


  • Do not conduct electricity
  • Have low melting points
• Displacement reaction


  A reaction where a more reactive halogen displaces a least reactive halogen
• Reaction of potassium iodide with chlorine

  Potassium chloride + Iodine
• Examples of noble gases


  • Helium
  • Argon
  • Xenon
  • Krypton
• Uses of helium


  • Used in balloons
  • Used as a liquid coolant
• Use of neon


  Used in advertising signs
• Chemical properties of noble gases

  • They are unreactive. Noble gases do not react with any element/compound. They are very stable elements.
• As you go down group 0 (noble gases)

  The boiling point increases. Helium has the lowest boiling point, Xenon has the highest boiling point.

  
• Students need to be able to:

  • State how elements in the periodic table are arranged
  • Identify properties of metals and non-metals
  • Describe physical trends of groups and periods
  • Identify properties of alkali metals
  • Write word equations of the reaction between alkali metals and water
  • State observations from the reaction between alkali metals and water
  • Describe the test for hydrogen gas
  • Identify physical properties of halogens
  • Describe displacement reactions
  • Write word equations for displacement reactions
  • State uses of noble gases
  • Identify physical properties of noble gases
  • Describe chemical properties of noble gases
  • Challenge: Write symbol equations for the reactions of alkali metals with water and displacement reactions for halogens