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Biology paper 1
bio mass transport in plants
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Cards (21)
give the parts of the leaf structure
upper
epidermis
, lower epidermis, waxy cuticle,
palisade
mesophyll,
spongy
mesophyll, guard
cell
,
stomata
give three things that happen at stomata
oxygen diffuses
out
carbon dioxide diffuses
in
close at
night
to
reduce
water
loss
as no
photosynthesis
occurs
what is a xerophytic plant
adapted
to survive in environments with
limited
water
list the adaptations of xerophytes
curled
leaves
hairs
sunken
stomata
thicker
cuticle
longer
roots
why is curve leaves an advantage for xerophytes
to
trap
moisture
and increase
humidity
which reduces the
water potential gradient
from in to out so
less
evaporation
why is hairs an advantage for xerophytes
trap
moisture
to
increase
humidity
reduce the
water potential gradient
so less
evaporation
why is a sunken stomata advantageous to xerophytes
trap
moisture
and
increase
humidity
, reduces
water potential gradient
and
less
evaporation
why is a thicker cuticle advantageous for xerophytes
to prevent
evaporation
why is longer roots advantageous for xerophytes
so can reach more
water
what is transpiration
loss of
water vapour
from the
stomata
by
evaporation
what are the four factors which affect transpiration
light intensity
temperature
humidity
wind
how does light intensity affect transpiration
positive
correlation
more light causes more
stomata
to open therefore larger
surface
area
for
evaporation
how does temperature affect the rate of transpiration
positive
correlation
more heat means more
kinetic
energy so
faster
molecules so more
evaporation
how does humidity affect the rate of transpiration
negative
correlation
more
water
vapor
in the air will make water potential more
positive
outside leaf therefore
reduces
water potential gradient
how does wind affect the rate of transpiration
positive
correlation
more
wind
will blow away
humid
air containing
water
vapour
therefore maintaining
water potential gradient
where is the most negative water potential on a tree
at the
top
what three things cause movement water up the xylem
cohesion
adhesion
root pressure
explain cohesion in cohesion tension theory
water is
polar
so forms
hydrogen
bonds
means that the water molecules
stick
together in one
continuous
column
explain adhesion in cohesion tension theory
water
molecules stick to
other
molecules
, at the
xylem
wall
the narrower the wall=
greatest
impact
explain root pressure in cohesion tension theory
water
moves in by
osmosis
increases volume
and
pressure
forces water
up
(
positive
pressure)
explain movement of water up xylem
water
evaporates
out of
stomata
creating
low
pressure
more water is pulled
up
the xylem to
replace
(
negative
pressure)
water molecules create
column
due to
cohesion
and their
hydrogen
bonds
water molecules
adhere
to the walls
as column of water is pulled up the xylem it creates
tension
so the xylem is
narrower
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