lesson 3

• Audio

  This refers to a sound made or created by various platforms. Audio Information and Media refers to instruments,

  applications, programs, etc. that teachers and/or students use to convey new information to help learn the

  uses, assessment, and production of sound.
• Radio broadcast - live or recorded audio sent through radio waves to reach a wide audience.
• Music – refers to sounds that are made vocally, sometimes combined with instrumental sounds, to

  create harmony that is performed or composed to express thoughts, feelings, or emotion, for artistic,

  ceremonial, entertainment, or religious purposes.
• Sound recording - recording of an interview, meeting, or any sound from the environment.
• Sound clips/effects – refers to sounds that is synthetically produced to make an effect in a composition or

  presentation.
• Audio Podcast – a recording of a story or a radio program, typically released or can be downloaded in series

  or episodes.
• Tape – refers to a magnetic tape that can store audio or sound.
• CD – refers to circular plastic-fabricated medium used for keeping and playing computer data

  (e.g. video, audio, programs, pictures, or even text files)
• USB drive – a type of external storage that is portable and can be connected to any device that has a

  USB port.
• Memory Card – also known as storage card or flash memory card; usually connected to a device

  (e.g. cellphone, laptop, etc.) to store data.
• Computer hard drive - secondary storage device for storing audio files.
• Internet/Cloud - websites or file repositories for retrieving audio files, and more precisely the files

  are stored in some datacenter full of servers that is connected to the Internet.
• MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer 3) – standard audio format for transferring or playing audio.
• M4A/AAC (MPEG-4 Audio/Advanced Audio Coding) – an audio format that is considered to be the

  successor of the MP3 audio format that has better sound quality.
• WAV (Waveform Audio File Format) – a standard audio format for Microsoft for storing audio or for

  the playback of game sound effects, etc.
• WMA (Windows Media Audio) - atechnologydevelopedbyMicrosoftforcompressingaudioandisusedwith

  Microsoft’s Windows Media Player.
• Volume– refers to the volume of the sound
• Tone - refers to the quality of sound
• Pitch - refers to the highness or the lowness of the sound or tone
• Give instruction or information– in most times, audio is used to provide

  more specific information. For instance, some tutorial videos have audio

  background for the viewers to fully understand the lecture.
• Provide feedback– In terms of oral communication, audio is essential.

  Between two people who are having a conversation, one might use their

  voice to provide feedback such as talking, making approving sounds,

  grunting, etc.
• ELEMENTS OF SOUND DESIGN– the objects or things that we have to work with
• Dialogue - speech, conversation, voice-over.
• Waterfall – refers to a state where the second audio starts with full volume just as the first audio fades out. This is commonly used in radio programs for song or voice transition.
• Sound Effects - any sound other than music or dialogue.
• Music - refers to sounds that are made vocally, sometimes combined with instrumental sounds, to create harmony that is performed or composed to express thoughts, feelings, or emotion, for artistic, ceremonial, entertainment, or religious purposes.
• Silence - absence of audio or sound.
• PRINCIPLES OF SOUND DESIGN– the techniques for combining the different elements or objects.
• Mixing – the blend, symmetry, and control of multiple audio
• Pace – refers to timely order of events. This may be linear, non-linear, or multi-linear.
• Transitions – how one element shifts to another
• Segue – an audio begins as soon as another stops. Also refers to “cut” in films.
• Cross-fade –an audio fades in volume just as another fades out volume, making both elements overlap.
• V-Fade – an audio begins after the first one fades to silence.
• Fade to Black – similar to V-Fade but a silence is included between

  elements.
• Stereo Imaging - Using left and right channel for depth.