Costs to society

• negative consequences for society

  may promote the reinforcement against specific demographics bhics that cannot afford the ethical costs of psychological research.
• negative consequences example - Blumsteine and Schwartz 


  investigated the number of additional sexual partners in couples together more than 10 year , found that 22% of heterosexual wives, 30% of hetero men. 43% of lesbians and 94% of gay men, had at least one other sexual partner. this could add legitimacy to homophobia e.g gay men are unable to commit to a relationship. prejudice also towards homosexual people - being more promiscuous.
• Bowlby 


  his study into maternal deprivation highlighted importance of parents being present within a child’s life. However this could lead to added stigma towards mothers with neurodivergent children. Also could add pressure to mothers to produce societally functional children. When many factors are out of their control. Khan- society thinking a child has ASD because of enadequate parenting form the mother. Therefore ….
• Raine et al 


  may have contributed to stigma against people who exhibit behaviours like those with the same brain scan as murderers NGRI. unrestricted use of information from studies may pose a risk as organisation such as the government can use it for unrestricted means.
• application of psychological studies

  research into sensory deprivation was used in psyOps for military torture
• the conclusions to studies are unregulated and can get into the wrong hands, making this very harmful, as it can be used in the wrong way