Cardiovascular L2

• Hydraulic pressure


  Pressure generated by a pump and used to force fluids (blood) through a vessel (arteries)

  
• Hydrostatic pressure


  Pressure generated by gravity and the effect of the height of a column of fluid at the bottom of that column

  
• Hydrostatic pressure


  Increases with the height of the column of fluid
• Hydrostatic pressure is only an issue in air, not in water
• For a large dinosaur, pumping blood to the head would require an enormous heart, tremendous blood pressure, and huge muscular blood vessels
• Proposed solutions for dinosaur circulatory system

  • Be aquatic
  • Auxiliary hearts
  • Keep the head horizontal
• Keeping the head horizontal does not violate what we know about circulation and is supported by anatomical evidence