External Class Differences

• Material Deprivation


  Lack of physical resources and financial stability, which can negatively impact students' academic performance
• Material Deprivation


  • Inadequate housing
  • Poor nutrition
  • Lack of access to educational resources like books and computers
• Cultural Deprivation


  Absence of cultural capital, such as language skills, attitudes, and values that are conducive to educational success
• Cultural Deprivation often affects children from working-class backgrounds who may not be socialized into the dominant cultural norms of the education system
• Cultural Capital


  Non-financial social assets that promote social mobility, including education, intellect, style of speech, and appearance
• Middle-class families often possess higher levels of cultural capital, which can advantage their children in the education system
• Social Capital


  Networks and connections that individuals have, which can provide support and access to resources
• Families with higher social capital can often secure better educational opportunities for their children through these networks
• Parental Education and Involvement

  The level of parents' education and their involvement in their children's education can significantly affect academic achievement
• Educated parents are often more able to help with homework and navigate the educational system effectively
• Cultural Attitudes and Values


  Different cultural groups may place varying levels of emphasis on the importance of education, which can influence students' motivation and engagement in school</a>
• Ethnicity and Racism


  Ethnic background can affect educational outcomes due to factors such as language barriers, discrimination, and different cultural expectations. Racism within the education system can also contribute to differential achievement among ethnic groups
• Gender


  Gender can influence educational achievement, with societal expectations and stereotypes often impacting the subjects students choose and their performance in them. Boys and girls may also receive different types of encouragement and support from teachers and parents
• These factors illustrate the complex interplay of socio-economic, cultural, and demographic elements that influence educational outcomes beyond the immediate school environment