exp 14

• Saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes)


  What are the most familiar hydrocarbons contained in gasoline, kerosene, motor oils, and paraffin wax?
• Ligroin or benzine


  What term is sometimes used to refer to petroleum ether?
• Petroleum ether


  Which fraction of petroleum includes hydrocarbons containing 4 to 7 carbon atoms?
• Cracking process


  What process does much of the gasoline used today come from?
• They are inert and react only by substitution.


  How do saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) react towards common laboratory reagents?
• They react by addition.

  How do unsaturated hydrocarbons react?
• Difference in degree of rate of reactivity rather than a difference in kind of reaction.


  What is the difference in chemical activity between the members of a given series primarily based on?
• The volatility decreases.


  As the carbon content of compound hydrocarbons increases, what happens to their volatility?
• Room temperature


  At what temperature do the vapors of highly volatile mixtures (like petroleum ether or gasoline) ignite readily at room temperature?
• flash points


  What is the term for the temperature at which an oil vaporizes sufficiently to form a mixture with air that can be ignited and continues to support combustion?
• Gasoline, kerosene, motor oils, and paraffin wax


  What are the mixtures of saturated hydrocarbons resulting from different fractions in the distillation of petroleum primarily known as?
• volatility


  What is the term used to describe the tendency of a substance to vaporize or become gaseous?