MASLOW

• Holistic


  Considering the whole person, not any single part or function
• Dynamic Theory


  Theory that assumes the whole person is constantly motivated by one need or another
• Abraham Maslow


  Psychologist who developed the hierarchy of needs theory

  
• He has a high IQ (195) but is not motivated enough to perform well in school which resulted to academic probation
• He has low social skills
• His wife is his first cousin, Bertha Goodman
• He does not like religion and he has atheistic beliefs, maybe because of his mother
• He trained as a psychoanalyst and as a behaviorist but ended up becoming one of the pillars of humanistic perspective
• Holistic-Dynamic Perspective


  • Assumes that the whole person is constantly motivated by one need or another
  • People have the potential to grow toward psychological health which he called self-actualization
• Maslow's Basic Assumptions


  • Holistic Approach to Motivation - the whole person, not any single part or function is motivated
  • Motivation is usually complex - meaning that a person's behavior may spring from several separate motives
  • People are continually motivated by one need or another
  • When one need is satisfied, it ordinarily loses its motivational power and is then replaced by another need
  • All people everywhere are motivated by the same basic needs
• Hierarchy of Needs


  Maslow's hierarchy of needs concept assumes that the lower level needs must be satisfied or at least relatively satisfied before higher level of needs become motivators

  
• Physiological Needs


  • The most basic needs of any person
  • They are the only needs that can be completely satisfied or evenly over satisfied
  • They have a recurring nature
• Safety Needs


  • When people have partially satisfied their physiological needs, they become motivated by safety needs, including security, stability, dependency, protection and freedom from threatening forces
  • They cannot be overly satisfied
  • Some adults feel relatively unsafe because they retain irrational fears from childhood that cause them to act as if they were afraid of parental punishment
• Love and Belongingness


  • After people partially satisfy their physiological and safety needs, they become motivated by love and belongingness, such as desire for friendship, the wish for a mate and children, the need to belong a family, a club, a neighborhood, or a nation
  • People who have had love and belongingness needs satisfied from early years do not panic when denied love
  • Those who have never experienced love and belongingness are incapable of giving love
  • Those who received love and belongingness in small does will be strongly motivated to seek it
• Esteem Needs


  • To the extent that people satisfy their love and belongingness needs, they are free to pursue esteem needs, which include self-respect, confidence, competence, and the knowledge that others hold them in high self-esteem
  • Maslow identified two levels of esteem needs: Reputation - the perception of the prestige, recognition, or fame a person has achieved in the eyes of others; Self-esteem - person's own feelings of worth and confidence and it is based on real competence and not merely other opinion
• Self-Actualization Needs


  • Self actualization needs include self fulfilment, the realization of all one's potential, and a desire to become creative in the full sense of the world
  • People who have reached this level become fully human
  • Self actualizing person maintain their feelings of self-esteem even when scorned, rejected and dismissed by other people
• Self-Actualization


  • Highest level of human development
  • Criteria: 1) People who are free of psychopathology 2) People that had progressed through the hierarchy of needs 3) People who embrace B-values 4) People who had fulfilled their needs to grow, to develop and to increasingly become what they were capable of becoming
• 1. Values


  The ultimate level of needs, indicators of psychological health, only people who live among B-values are self-actualizing, and they alone are capable of metamotivation
• Aesthetic Needs


  Unlike conative needs, aesthetic are not universal, but at least some people in every culture seem to be motivated by the need for beauty and aesthetically pleasing experience
• Cognitive Needs


  • Most people have a desire to uncover mysteries, to solve problems, to understand and to be curious
  • When cognitive needs are blocked, all needs on Maslow's hierarchy are threatened; that is knowledge is necessary to satisfy each of the five conative needs
  • People who have not satisfied their cognitive needs, who have been consistently lied to, have had their curiosity stifled, or have been denied information, become pathological, a pathology that takes the form of skepticism and disillusionment
• Neurotic Needs


  An unproductive pattern of relating to other people, they perpetuate an unhealthy style of life and have no value in the striving for self-actualization
• Maslow estimated that the hypothetical average person has their needs satisfied to approximately: Physiological- 85%, Safety- 70%, Love and belongingness- 50%, Esteem- 40%, Self-actualization- 10%
• Characteristics of Self-Actualizing People

  • More efficient perception of reality
  • Acceptance of Self, others, and Nature
  • Spontaneity, Simplicity and Naturalness
  • Problem-centering
  • The need for privacy
  • Autonomy
  • Continued Freshness of Appreciation
  • The Peak Experience
  • Gemeinschaftsgefuhl
  • Profound Interpersonal Relations
  • Democratic Character Structure
  • Discrimination between Means and Ends
  • Philosophical Sense of Humor
  • Creativeness
  • Resistance to Enculturation
  • Love, Sex and Self-Actualization
• Jonah Complex


  The fear of being one's best, characterized by attempts to run away from one's destiny just as Jonah tried to escape from his fate