FROMM

• Humanistic psychoanalysis


  Modern-day people have been torn away from their prehistoric union with nature and also with one another, yet they have the power of reasoning, foresight, and imagination
• Self-awareness


  Contributes to feelings of loneliness, isolation, and homelessness
• People strive to


  Become reunited with nature and with their fellow human beings
• Humanistic psychoanalysis


  • Emphasizes the influence of sociobiological factors, history, economic, and class structure
• Basic anxiety


  Humanity's separation from the natural world has produced feelings of loneliness and isolation
• Individual personality


  Can be understood only in the light of human history
• Humans


  Have been "torn away" from their prehistoric union with nature, have no powerful instincts to adapt to a changing world, and have acquired the facility to reason - a condition Fromm called the human dilemma
• Existential dichotomies


  • Life and death
  • Complete self-realization and life being too short
  • Being alone and not being able to tolerate isolation
• Existential needs


  Emerged during the evolution of human culture, growing out of their attempts to find an answer to their existence and to avoid becoming insane
• Healthy people


  Found meaning to their existence
• Neurotic people


  Are still confused about their existence
• Existential needs


  • Relatedness
  • Transcendence
  • Rootedness
  • Sense of identity
  • Frame of orientation
• Relatedness


  The drive for union with another person or other persons
• 3 basic ways to relate to the world

  • Submission (Negative)
  • Domination (Negative)
  • Love (Positive)
• Love


  Union with somebody, or something outside oneself under the condition of retaining the separateness and integrity of one's own self
• Transcendence


  The urge to rise above a passive and accidental existence and into "the realm of purposefulness and freedom"
• 2 ways to transcend

  • Destruction (Negative)
  • Creation (Positive)
• Rootedness


  The need to establish root or to feel at home again in the world
• 2 ways to feel at home again

  • Independence from Mother - Wholeness (Positive)
  • Fixation (Negative)
• Sense of identity


  The capacity to be aware of ourselves as a separate entity
• How people find self identity

  • Adjustment to a Group (Negative)
  • Individuality (Positive)
• Frame of orientation


  Being split off from nature, humans need a road map, a frame of orientation, to make their way through the world
• Frames of orientation


  • Irrational goals (Negative)
  • Rational goals (Positive)
• Burden of freedom


  As children become more independent, they experience the burden of freedom - they are free from the security of being one with the mother
• Basic anxiety


  Results from the burden of freedom on both a social and individual level
• Mechanisms of escape


  • Authoritarianism
  • Destructiveness
  • Conformity
• Authoritarianism


  Tendency to give up the independence of one's own individual self and to fuse one's self with somebody or something outside oneself, in order to acquire the strength which the individual is lacking
• Forms of authoritarianism


  • Masochism (Negative)
  • Sadism (Negative)
• Destructiveness


  Seeks to do away with other people, by destroying people and objects in an attempt to restore lost feelings of power
• Conformity


  People try to escape from a sense of loneliness and isolation by giving up their individuality and becoming whatever other people desire them to be
• Positive freedom


  A person "can be free and not alone, critical and yet not filled with doubts, independent and yet an integral part of mankind"
• Character orientations


  • Nonproductive orientations
  • Productive orientation
• Nonproductive orientations


  • Receptive (Negative/Positive)
  • Exploitative (Negative/Positive)
  • Hoarding (Negative/Positive)
  • Marketing (Negative/Positive)
• Productive orientation


  Healthy people who work toward positive freedom and a continuing realization of their potential
• Biophilia


  A passionate love of life and all that is alive
• Personality disorders


  • Necrophilia
  • Malignant narcissism
  • Incestuous symbiosis
• Necrophilic personalities hate humanity, are racists, warmongers, and bullies, love bloodshed, destruction, terror, and torture, and delight in destroying life</b>
• Malignant narcissists achieve security by holding on to the distorted belief that their extraordinary personal qualities give them superiority over everyone else</b>
• With incestuous symbiosis, people are inseparable from the host person, their personalities are blended with the other person and their individual identities are lost</b>