Chemistry organic and nuclear

• One possible advantage of using nuclear power instead of burning fossil fuels is less greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, energy independence, and more
• One possible risk of using nuclear power energy is pollution at a lower rate - nuclear meltdown, radioactive waste disposal, terrorist attack, radiation emitted + exposure, contamination risk, biological risks/cancer
• The homologous series to which these isomers belong is alkenes
• Molecular formula


  Representation of a molecule showing the types and number of atoms present
• Structural formula


  Representation of a molecule showing the arrangement of atoms and the bonds between them
• Condensed formula


  Representation of a molecule showing the carbon chain with attached hydrogen atoms
• Hydrocarbon


  • C₂H₆
  • C₄H₁₀
  • C₄H₁₀Cl₂
• Alkane


  Saturated hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH₂n+₂
• Alkene


  Unsaturated hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH₂n
• Alkyne


  Unsaturated hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH₂n-₂
• Substituent


  Atom or group of atoms that substitutes for a hydrogen or hydrocarbon chain
• Functional group


  Specific group of atoms within a molecule that determines the chemical properties
• Polarity


  Unequal distribution of electrons in a molecule, leading to partial positive and negative charges
• Hydrogen bonding


  Attractive force between a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom and another highly electronegative atom
• Boiling point


  Temperature at which a liquid transitions to a gas
• Solubility


  Ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent
• Oxidation


  Loss of electrons by a molecule, atom, or ion
• Reduction


  Gain of electrons by a molecule, atom, or ion
• Combustion


  Rapid oxidation reaction that releases heat and light
• Saponification


  Chemical reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid to form an ester
• Polymerization


  Organic reaction where two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule
• Isotope


  Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
• Radioactivity


  Spontaneous emission of radiation from unstable atomic nuclei
• Alpha decay


  Radioactive decay where an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle
• Beta decay


  Radioactive decay where an atomic nucleus emits a beta particle
• Gamma decay


  Radioactive decay where an atomic nucleus emits a gamma ray
• Half-life


  Time it takes for half of a radioactive sample to decay
• Fission


  Nuclear reaction where a heavy atomic nucleus splits into two or more smaller nuclei
• Fusion


  Nuclear reaction where two light atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus
• Transmutation


  Conversion of one element into another through a nuclear reaction