AO3 cv

• Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg: Contradicts Ainsworth


  Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg found differences of attachment type between and within cultures. For example, one of their Japan studies showed no avoidant attachment, whereas another found 20%, which is similar to Ainsworth's initial findings. This demonstrates that Ainsworth's attachment types are an over-simplification to assume that all children are raised in under the same child-rearing practices.
• Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg: Evaluation Points

  • Contradicts Ainsworth
  • Large sample size
  • Lack variation in countries & cultures
  • Cultural bias (Ainsworth)
• Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg: Large Sample Size


  Meta-analysis was conducted on 32 countries with 1990 children. This allows generalisability and increases population validity aswell as further increasing the generalisability of Ainsworths initial study.
• Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg: Lack Variation

  Their meta-analysis was conducted with 32 studies, 18 of which were from America. This is unrepresentative of the global population and that findings are biased towards American child-rearing practices. Furthermore, 27 of the 32 studies were conducted on individualistic cultures which is not statistically representative of the rest of the world and drastically under-represents collectivist cultures, lacking real-life application. This means that findings cannot be generalised to the rest of the world, lacking population and ecological validity.
• Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg: Culturally Biased


  The meta-analysis was conducted using studies which were a replication or based on Ainsworth's strange situation which has already been criticised for being culturally biased. The attachment types developed from this study are based on American child-rearing practices which cannot be generalised to the rest of the world. This meta-analysis produces findings which likewise cannot be generalised due to their culturally biased origins.