Chapter 1 & 2 Test

• Matter is best described as


  anything that occupies space and has mass
• A young child sustained a baseball hit to his cranial cavity. Which bones were fractured?

  Skull
• The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of ______________an atom contains.

  Protons
• The atom with 13 electrons will have________ electrons in valence shell.

  3
• The two major internal body cavities are the ________ cavity and the ________ cavity.

  ventral;dorsal
• During a synthesis reaction, amino acids join to form ________.

  proteins
• Ventral is a directional term synonymous with __________ in humans.

  Anterior
• Place these components of a homeostatic control system in the proper order:

  1.) Effector

  2.)Efferent pathway

  3.)Receptor

  4.)Control Center

  5.)Afferent pathway


  3,5,4,2, and 1
• Edna tore a ligament in the patellar region and anticipates having difficulty with her

  knee
• What type of bond results when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another?

  Ionic BondSee an expert-written answer!We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
• The brain and spinal cord are surrounded by water in cerebrospinal fluid. What purpose do you think this fluid serves in protecting these organs?

  Cushioning
• The spinal cord is best describes as

  Medial
• The number of protons always equals the ___________ in a neutral atom.

  Number of electrons
• Which of the following is NOT considered a nutrient?

  Water
• You have tested a chemical in the laboratory and determined it to be a proton donor. How would you classify this chemical?

  Acid
• Polar molecules, like water , result when electrons are shared_____________

  Unequally between atoms
• Which of the following represents the chemical level of structure in the human body?

  Atoms
• What is the atomic number of the atom in the figure: 6p+ 6n^0

  6
• What type of sensor monitors and responds to changes in the environment in a negative feedback loop?

  Receptor
• The hypogastric(pubic) region _________ to the umbilical region.

  Inferior
• Which of the following is classified as an inorganic compound?

  Water
• A patient previously had abdominal surgery and has a scar from a transverse (cross) section. Now he'll have another surgery that requires a parasagittal section, which will intersect the transverse section. What will his scar look like when his surgical incision heals? Assume this patient is in anatomical position. +
• Which of the following is found in a molecule of DNA but NOT in a molecule of RNA?

  Deoxyribose
• Which of the following is NOT a subatomic particle associated with an atom?

  Ion
• 4. Together, just four elements make up more than 95 percent of the body's mass. These include ________.

  a. calcium, magnesium, iron, and carbon

  b. oxygen, calcium, iron, and nitrogen

  c. sodium, chlorine, carbon, and hydrogen

  d. oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

  d. oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogenSee an expert-written answer!We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
• 5. The smallest unit of an element that still retains the distinctive behavior of that element is an ________.

  a. electron

  b. atom

  c. elemental particle

  d. isotope

  b. atomSee an expert-written answer!We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
• 6. The characteristic that gives an element its distinctive properties is its number of ________.

  a. protons

  b. neutrons

  c. electrons

  d. atoms

  a. protonsSee an expert-written answer!We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
• 7. On the periodic table of the elements, mercury (Hg) has an atomic number of 80 and a mass number of 200.59. It has seven stable isotopes. The most abundant of these probably have ________.

  a. about 80 neutrons each

  b. fewer than 80 neutrons each

  c. more than 80 neutrons each

  d. more electrons than neutrons

  c. more than 80 neutrons eachSee an expert-written answer!We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
• 8. Nitrogen has an atomic number of seven. How many electron shells does it likely have?

  a. one

  b. two

  c. three

  d. four

  b. twoSee an expert-written answer!We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
• 9. Which of the following is a molecule, but not a compound?

  a. H2O

  b. 2H

  c. H2

  d. H +

  c. H2
• 10. A molecule of ammonia contains one atom of nitrogen and three atoms of hydrogen. These are linked with ________.

  a. ionic bonds

  b. nonpolar covalent bonds

  c. polar covalent bonds

  d. hydrogen bonds

  c. polar covalent bonds
• 11. When an atom donates an electron to another atom, it becomes

  a. an ion

  b. an anion

  c. nonpolar

  d. all of the above

  a. an ion
• 12. A substance formed of crystals of equal numbers of cations and anions held together by ionic bonds is called a(n) ________.

  a. noble gas

  b. salt

  c. electrolyte

  d. dipole

  b. saltSee an expert-written answer!We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
• 13. Which of the following statements about chemical bonds is true?

  a. Covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds.

  b. Hydrogen bonds occur between two atoms of hydrogen.

  c. Bonding readily occurs between nonpolar and polar molecules.

  d. A molecule of water is unlikely to bond with an ion.

  a. Covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds.See an expert-written answer!We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
• 14. The energy stored in a foot of snow on a steep roof is ________.

  a. potential energy

  b. kinetic energy

  c. radiant energy

  d. activation energy

  a. potential energySee an expert-written answer!We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
• 15. The bonding of calcium, phosphorus, and other elements produces mineral crystals that are found in bone. This is an example of a(n) ________ reaction.

  a. catabolic

  b. synthesis

  c. decomposition

  d. exchange

  b. synthesisSee an expert-written answer!We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
• 16. AB → A + B is a general notation for a(n) ________ reaction.

  a. anabolic

  b. endergonic

  c. decomposition

  d. exchange

  c. decomposition
• 17. ________ reactions release energy.

  a. Catabolic

  b. Exergonic

  c. Decomposition

  d. Catabolic, exergonic, and decomposition

  d. Catabolic, exergonic, and decomposition
• 18. Which of the following combinations of atoms is most likely to result in a chemical reaction?

  a. hydrogen and hydrogen

  b. hydrogen and helium

  c. helium and helium

  d. neon and helium

  a. hydrogen and hydrogenSee an expert-written answer!We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
• 19. Chewing a bite of bread mixes it with saliva and facilitates its chemical breakdown. This is most likely due to the fact that ________.

  a. the inside of the mouth maintains a very high temperature

  b. chewing stores potential energy

  c. chewing facilitates synthesis reactions

  d. saliva contains enzymes

  d. saliva contains enzymes