Cell division mitosis and meiosis
1. Mitosis is the process of cell division for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction
2. During mitosis, a cell duplicates all of its contents, including its chromosomes, and splits to form two identical daughter cells
3. Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information
4. During meiosis one cell divides twice to form four daughter cells. These four daughter cells only have half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell – they are haploid
5. Meiosis is a specialised type of cell division that produces gametes (sex cells) with half the chromosome number
6. Both processes ensure genetic stability and diversity in organisms
7. The sex chromosomes determine biological sex, with females having two X chromosomes (XX) and males having one X and one Y chromosome (XY)
8. A karyotype is an image of all of an individual's chromosomes, typically taken during metaphase of cell division