HENRY VII CONTROL

• What did Henry do to his reign?

  - Backed dated it to the day before the Battle of Bosworth so he could accuse those who fought on Richard's side of treason
• What did Henry exploit?

  - The propaganda who came from his marriage to Elizabeth of York as it united and the Yorkist and Lancastrian parties undermining opposition

  - The emblem of the white tudor rose and red York rose
• How did Henry publically reward his key supporters?

  - Patronage which was giving nobles titles

  - Jasper Tudor = Duke of Bedford

  - John de Vere= Major land owner in east Anglia

  William Stanley= Lord Chamberlain

  Thomas Stanley (not trusted)= Earl of Derby

  - However, was very conservative compared to other monarchs, only created 1 Earl, compared to the 9 under Edward IV and 5 barons compared to 13 under Edward IV
• How did William Stanley betray Henry?

  - In 1495, he publically claimed that Perkin Warbeck was Edward IV's son

  - Henry VII did not show clemency as he feared this would endanger himself through encouraging other potential conspirators
• What was the Order of the Garter?


  - Most senior Order of Chivalry

  - 37 nobles

  - This helped decrease the size of the nobility as ever 25 years 25% died out and by not giving out titles or power, no new ones were created
• What did Henry do with Wardships?

  - Warship age increased fro 18 to 21

  - When the Earl of Northumberland was murdered in 1489, his son was not allowed to receive his estate until 1499

  - In 1498, the Duke of Buckingham was fined 7000 for gaining his inheritance before he was of age

  - In 1487, warships were only earning Henry 350 pounds, by by 1507, 6000 annually
• What did Henry do about noble marriages?


  - Prevented noble marriages so no one would become wealthy enough to challenge him

  - Katherine Dowager Duchess of Buckingham was fined 7000 in 1596 for marriage without the crown's approval
• What were Acts of Attainder?

  - A punishmnet which led to a noble family being unable to inherit land

  - At the first parliament, 28 people at Bosworth fell victim

  - 138 passed 46 revsered

  - Sir Thomas Tyrell, who had to pay £1738 for the reversal of his and his father's attainders.

  - 51 acts were passed across 1504-1509

  - In 1489 after intervening in the Yorkshire rebellion, the title Earl fo Surrey was restored
• What were the Acts of retaining?

  - Passed in 1487 and 1504

  - Lord Burgavenny was fined 70550 for illegally retaining

  - Used to stop nobles growing their personal armies over 500
• How did Henry use bonds and recognisances?

  -form of debt owed to the king which would be paid if loyalty was broken

  -Edmund Dudley stated he wished to "have many persons in danger at his pleasure"

  - In 1485, the Earl of Northumberland and Viscount Beaumont of Powicke had bonds of 10000

  - Bishop of Worchester had 2000

  - Between 1485-1495, 191 bonds were collected

  - By 1505, binds were earning Henry 35000
• How did noble families suffer?

  - Financially

  - 46 out of 62 families were under a financial threat

  - 7 by Attainders, 36 by Bonds
• What was the Act of Resumption?

  - 1586

  - Returned all crown land from 1455 which had been reduced by 1/3
• Who legitimised Henry's marriage?

  - Pope Innocent VIII
• Who were the Council Learned in the Law?

  - 1495

  - Part of the Star Chamber

  - Led by Epson and Dudley after 1504 and Sir Reginal Bray prior

  - A prerogative court meaning it followed roman law instead of common law
• Why were the Council Learned in the Law banned?

  - As they were a prerogative court, they were deemed unjust

  - Once banned by the Termins Oyster Committee under Henry VIII, Dudley admitted to issuing harsher penalties than required in up to 80 cases
• How did Henry improve the economy?

  - Tunnage and Poundage which was a taxation on imported goods raised a profit of 40000 alongside a new book of custom rates in 1507

  - By 1509, Royal estates had increased 4 times the amount they had been creating in 1433, at 420000

  - Henry became involved in the trade of Alum

  - Annual revenue was 118000 a year

  - Loaned the HRE 300000

  - Reignited the wool trade as this had fallen by 50% in 1485
• What was the significance of Justices of the Peace?

  - Unpaid members of parishes who were expected to enforce law and order for the crown in the hope of great social cohesion

  - In 1487 they could act without a hurry

  - In 1497 they could pass sentences on crime

  - They met as a group at quarterly sessions however any decisions they made could be overturned by the Kings Bench

  - Therefore their influence could be considered limited
• What was the role of parliament?

  - Met 7 times

  - Great Council met 5 times

  - Relationship was not always good, for example, in 1504 Henry was granted a subsidy of 40000 instead of the request of 90000

  - Issued Acts of Attainders
• What was the Role of the Privy Council?

  - Became more reliant on them after the betrayal of William Stanlet