TUDOR IRELAND

Created by

Lauren Ewington

Cards (27)

How is Lambert Simnel connected to Ireland? 
- In February 1487, Simnel was brought to Ireland, where support for the House of York remained strong.
Who did Henry VII make Lord Deputy lieutenant in 1485?
- Given to the Earl of Kildare
Who was Sir Edward Poynings?
- Appointed Lord Deputy after the Earl of Kildare was dismissed
- Instigated that Poynings which forbid the Irish Parliament from being formed without taxes first and administrative reform being approved by the English parliament and Government
- These shortly collapsed
What was the problem with the Earl of Kildare?
- He supported Lambert Simnel and was later dismissed
- Henry had no more power to do anything else
- In 1497, Kildare was reinstated as it was noted that Ireland was not being governed without him after the collaspe of Poynings Law
Who did Henry VIII appoint as Lord Deputy?
- The 9th Earl of Kildare after the death of his father in 1513
What happened in 1520?
- The Earl of Surrey replaced Kildare after charges of corruption
- Surrey believed Ireland could on;y be controlled via force
When was the Earl of Surrey recalled?
- 1523
- Ireland was now governed by 8 Irish nobility
What was the situation from 1534 to 1541?
- Ireland seethed in civil strife, conflict and each faction of the noble groups trying to gain control
- English influence was solely in the Pale
- Lord Grey was appointed to reignite English influence, however, this quickly failed as his arrogance led to them uniting against him
What was the Crown of Ireland Act?
- 1542
- which created the title of "King of Ireland" for monarchs of England and their successors
- This was not recognised by the Irish therefore obsolete by the time it was put in place
What was the Fuedal Dues Policy?
- 1541
- Instigated by Sir Anthony Leger
- Irish Lords had to give up their land to the crown and have it re-issued
- However, it has it re-issued, there were conditions.
- Pay tax to the English Crown
- serve in the military
- Reject the Pope
- Took on English Culture
- This was not adopted
- Henry VIII paid no more attention to Ireland
How did Edward and Mary manage Ireland?
- Somerset reinforced English garrisons in Ireland
- Introduced English settlers into Leix and Offaly
What was the Pale? 
A small area of land around Dublin controlled by the king of England
- East coast stretching north from Dalkey, south of Dublin, to the garrison town of Dundalk
- Intermarriage between the Gaelic Irish aristocracy and Anglo-Norman lords, reducing the extent that the Pale could be considered fully English
What happened to Sir Anthony Leger? 
- Charged with fraud and corruption
- Died before trial in 1559
- Meant Elizabeth inherited very unhappy Irish
Why did Northumberland recall Sir Anthony ledger? 
- 1551
- Being too conciliatory to Irish Catholics
- He was brought back by Mary for 1553-1556
What did Anthony Ledger do under Mary?
- formalise presidential council for the governance of Munster, plant Leix-Offaly and eradicate coign and livery
- His efforts were further impeded by the murder of Donough O'Brien, 2nd earl of Thomond
- In late 1554 Sir William Fitzwilliam first accused St Leger and Sir Andrew Wise of fraudulent administration of the Irish finances
Who replaced Sir Anthony Ledger? 
- The Earl of Surrey in 1556 kept on by Elizabeth till 1565
Who is Shane O'Neill?
- The O'Neills had run Ulster for as long as anyone could remember
What happened in 1565 in Ireland? 
- Elizabeth invited invited him to clear eastern Ulster of the 'robbers of Hebrides' - the Scots military families that had settled in Antrim
- This bolstered Shane's support
- O'Neill followed up his military victories with political strategy. He wrote to the King of France requesting 6,000 troops to assist in expelling the English.
- He had played along with Elizabeth's efforts to set one Gaelic faction against another, but he knew that in the end it was the English who were his greatest enemy.
Why was Sussex removed?
- To try get to Shane O'neill, he would invite them over for dinner then murder them
- From 1559-1564, 1000s were killed
- This heightened english resentment
What encapsulates Sir Henry Sidney's rule as Lord Deputy?
- appointed 1565 after having served under Sussex
- Marched to Ulster with English forces in order to ganvalise support against O'Neill from rival clans
- O'Neill was murdered by the MacDonalds of Antrim
- Killed over 40000 Irish
- English rule established with Fear and Violence
- In 1569, the title of O'Neill and the sovereignty of the dynasty was abolished. The Elizabethan conquest had begun in earnest.
What did Humphrey Gilbert do?
- In 1570, Humphrey Gilbert was made commander of the English army of Munster
- resistance in Munster was crushed and the land was divided into English plantations
- Ulster was the only independent English realm
What was the Fitzgerald Rebellion?
- 1579
Fizgerald was not happy with life in Ireland
- He instigated a revolt in the Mulster backed by the Pope and Spanish
- Elizabeth in retaliation sent Lord Grey with 6500 troops
- 600 were massacred at Smerick Garrison
- These aggression methods worked and the Mulster was further colonised in the North Connaught
- Peace until 1594
Why was the Earl of Tyrone such an issue?
- h had been brought up in England as a royal ward. Attached to the household of the Earl of Leicester
- Made Earl of Tyrone in 1585
- the English through they had a puppet ruler of Ulster through whom they could further exploit the country
- Declared war in 1594
The Nine Year War
- 1595 to 1603
- Tyrone captures Blackwater Fort, Enniskillen castle and defeats and Englihs Amry at Clontribet
- Lord Russel appointed in 1594, but failed
- English defeated at the Battle of Yellow Ford by Tyrone
- Tyrone used this opportunity to get a peace treaty with Elizabeth in 1596, but used this time of a weakened English threat to build up an army
- 1500 killed vs 300
What did the Earl of Essex do in Ireland?
- Sent in 1599 replacing Lord Russel
- 17000 men
- He did not want to fight, made a truce with Tyrone
- Allowed Tyrone to attack English Settlements
- Accused of treason after the Essex Rebellion in 1601 a mile away from the palace
What was the significance of the Nine Year War?
- The 9-year war spearheaded by O'Neill from, 1595 to 1603 was the greatest British defeat under Elizabeth and demonstrated an Irish rejection of English Authority. The Irish military victory of the Yellow Ford in 1598 saw 800 English troops killed and 300 of their Irish Levies desert to Tyrone, illustrating a clear strain on English "manpower", - This was the only major military defeat inflicted by a rebel on a government army in this period. In addition, as The Pale had paid so much towards the army, up to 2 million pounds, this led to a massive inflation of up to 80% followed by a near famine in Dublin
How did the Nine Year War End?
- Lord Mountjoy was appointed Lord Deputy
- Together with Sir George Carew the Nine-Year War to an end by attacking Ulster
- Defeat of the Spanish rebels at the Battle of Kinsale
- Tyrone was forced to negotiate a peace treaty after Elizabeth died, The Treaty of Mellifont