MARIAN RELIGION

• What act did Mary pass to return to a country of Catholicism?

  - The 1553 Act of Repeals

  - Undid Edwardian

  reforms and returned to the Henrican 6 articles

  - the title Supreme Head of the Church was removed

  - paved the way for restored Papal Supremacy
• What was the significance of Mary's Royal Injunctions?

  - 1554

  - Reinstated Holy Days

  - Former Catholic Priest's re-ordained

  - A set of Tudor orders on ecclesiastical affairs

  - Clergy banned from marrying
• How many Preists conformed to Catholicism?

  - 75% did 25% did not

  - 243 kicked out of Norwich

  - 90 in Bath and Wells

  - Many sought sanctuary in Strasbourg (800)
• When as the ex-communication lifted?

  - 1554 November

  - Lifted by Pope Julius II

  - Cardinal Reginald Pole returned from exile
• What were the Twelve Decrees?

  - 1556

  - Issued by the London Synod

  - discipline against abuses (absenteeism, pluralism, simony and heresy)
• What monastery was refounded?

  - The Benedictine House of Westminster in London
• What does Dawson suggest?

  - Said there were underground churches in houses and inns, with congregations numbering up to 200
• What does Loades suggest?

  - Faith wasn't restored as far back as 1546, let alone 1530
• What was the Second Act of Repeals?

  - 1554, undone the reformation until 1529 (before Henrician reformation) and restored Papal supremacy
• Why was Cranmer executed?


  - Executed in 1556 despite recanting his protestant beliefs

  - He had annulled the marriage between Catherine and Henry VIII

  - He had supported Lady Jane Grey
• What technique did Mary use for her religious settlement to begin with?

  Persuasion from 1554 to 1556
• What was the "top-down" Strategy?

  - Spurred by Reginald Pole

  - Education of the top members of the church and for this to filter down to the lower levels

  - Establishment of seminaries

  - The London Synod

  - Supported by Phillip
• Was the Top Down Strategy a success?

  - The idea was very successful and proved that it would work

  - However, it was slow, taking 1-2 for a completed education and then the process of actually filtering down the Catholicism down the church and then to the people

  - As a result of the short nature of the Marian Reign, they never became fully effective
• What was the War of Words?

  - Mary was determined to combat out-spoken Protestants and undermined their views, commonly through theological debates with Bishops, like Hooper and Latimer

  - The use of Sermons at St Paul's Cross about the importance of the Catholic Faith
• What book did Miles Hogarde write?

  - The Displaying of the Protestants in 1556 used to attack Protestant Heresy
• What demonstrated a shift to persecution?

  - The Second Act of Repeals in 1554 meant 800 priests went into exile

  - Fines for absenteeism

  - Execution for having a copy of the 1552 Second Prayer Book
• Who are some significant figures Mary Burnt?

  - Thomas Cranmer, Arch Bishop of Canterbury

  - Hugh Latimer, Bishop of Worcester

  - John Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester
• How many people did Mary burn?

  - 280 burned in 48 months

  - 51 women

  - 5 Bishops
• How did the Printing Press Undermine the Marian religious Settlement?

  - Mary failed to hamper the root of the circulation of protestant literature

  - There was a printing press in Strasbourg

  - Over 19000 copies of the Second Prayer Book

  - This meant that her religious settlement could not be defined as success in its entirety not only as she reigned for such a short period, but as Protestantism was still flourishing, just not from the monarchy but other sources

  - Underground circulation of protestant Literature
• Why was the Second Prayer Book preferred by the Public?

  - It was in English

  - Therefore the conceptions could be digested

  - Unlike the Catholic version which was in Latin therefore only understood by highly educated people
• What did Mary's burning's lead to?

  - Fox's Book of Martyrs which depicted Mary burning babies which damned Mary's reputation

  - John Ponet's A Shorte Treatise of Politike Power which condemned the Marian regime and encouraged her assassination

  - Made people reluctant to follow the reform as it made people associate Catholicism with these acts of violence
• What happened to the Reginal Pole in 1556?

  - In 1556, Pole was excommunicated by Pope Paul IV and lost his credibility as a Catholic Cardinal and Archbishop

  - Weakening the Catholic reform internally