social

    Cards (59)

    • War communism meant everyone had to accept work offered to them
    • Food rations in war communism not enough so 25 percent of rural populations fled to the rural areas
    • Creches, transport and housing was free under war communism
    • Under nep free crehches abolished to make it harder for women to work
    • Only urban workers had acess to comprehensive set of benefits, including unemployment pay and maternity benefits
    • By 1938, 90% of children attended school
    • In NEP there were more schools built than ever before
    • In 1940, 76% of all teachers were female
    • Life expectancy increased from 30 years old in 1913 to 40 years old in 1928
    • The introduction of the five year plans led to full employment
    • Social benefits under Stalin, free meals in the canteen, vaccinations for common diseases
    • Khrushchev doubled spending on health care and quadrupled spending on pensions.
    • Khrushchev implemented free school meals in 1961
    • Arteli were people who pooled together labour and were paid as a group often led by older people
    • Under NEP wage differentials grew
    • in 1930 unemployment benefit was cancelled in light of full employment
    • Soviet worker in 1927 produced half what the average British worker was able to create
    • Piecework was when you were paid according to what you produced, so you had to work quickly
    • Absenteeism was a recurring issue
    • Khrushchev responsible for the K-7 housing blocs
    • Khrushchevs goal was to achieve communism by 1980 but this was abandoned by Brezhnev
    • Brezhnev extended welfare provision by ensuring low prices for essential goods, subsidised holidays and increased spending on pensions and healthcare every year
    • Life expectancy declined from 68 to 64 in the 1970s due to the rising problem of alcoholism
    • zhenotdel was the womens department of the communist party
    • Women forced to work as prostitutes under NEP as unemployment rose and creches were closed
    • Women were payed 60 percent of mans wage under stalin
    • Alexi Kollontai was the leader of zhenotdal the womens part of the party
    • Lenin allowed abortion
    • Lenin made divorce much more accessible
    • Under Lenin homosexuality was legalised
    • The great retreat began in 1933 because divorce rates were too high and children were homeless and women were being left
    • Stalin wanted stable families to aid economic growth
    • Stalin introduced child benefits to fathers who left
    • Stalin encouraged women to have children with a financial incentive of 2000 roubles a year if they had 7 children
    • Khrushchev legalised abortion and extended maternity leave from 77 days to 112 in 1956
    • Khrushchev also expanded the creche and communal laundries
    • Creches were also opened later and earlier
    • By 1979 one third of marriages ended in divorce
    • Brezhnev emphasised the differences between men and women and stressed the womens role in the house
    • Trotsky introduced literacy classes throughout the red army and by 1928 50 percent of all soldiers were literate
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