War communism meant everyone had to accept work offered to them
Food rations in war communism not enough so 25 percent of rural populations fled to the rural areas
Creches, transport and housing was free under war communism
Under nep free crehches abolished to make it harder for women to work
Only urban workers had acess to comprehensive set of benefits, including unemployment pay and maternity benefits
By 1938, 90% of children attended school
In NEP there were more schools built than ever before
In 1940, 76% of all teachers were female
Life expectancy increased from 30 years old in 1913 to 40 years old in 1928
The introduction of the five year plans led to full employment
Social benefits under Stalin, free meals in the canteen, vaccinations for common diseases
Khrushchev doubled spending on health care and quadrupled spending on pensions.
Khrushchev implemented free school meals in 1961
Arteli were people who pooled together labour and were paid as a group often led by older people
Under NEP wage differentials grew
in 1930 unemployment benefit was cancelled in light of full employment
Soviet worker in 1927 produced half what the average British worker was able to create
Piecework was when you were paid according to what you produced, so you had to work quickly
Absenteeism was a recurring issue
Khrushchev responsible for the K-7 housing blocs
Khrushchevs goal was to achieve communism by 1980 but this was abandoned by Brezhnev
Brezhnev extended welfare provision by ensuring lowprices for essential goods, subsidised holidays and increased spending on pensions and healthcare every year
Life expectancy declined from 68 to 64 in the 1970s due to the rising problem of alcoholism
zhenotdel was the womens department of the communist party
Women forced to work as prostitutes under NEP as unemployment rose and creches were closed
Women were payed 60percent of mans wage under stalin
Alexi Kollontai was the leader of zhenotdal the womens part of the party
Lenin allowed abortion
Lenin made divorce much more accessible
Under Lenin homosexuality was legalised
The great retreat began in 1933 because divorce rates were too high and children were homeless and women were being left
Stalin wanted stable families to aid economic growth
Stalin introduced child benefits to fathers who left
Stalin encouraged women to have children with a financial incentive of 2000 roubles a year if they had 7 children
Khrushchev legalised abortion and extended maternity leave from 77 days to 112 in 1956
Khrushchev also expanded the creche and communal laundries
Creches were also opened later and earlier
By 1979 one third of marriages ended in divorce
Brezhnev emphasised the differences between men and women and stressed the womens role in the house
Trotsky introduced literacy classes throughout the red army and by 192850 percent of all soldiers were literate