4.7-malfunctions in homeostatic mechanisms

• Hyperthyroidism is where the thyroid is overactive
• hypothyroidism is where the thyroid is under active resulting in a reduced basal metabolic rate
• hypothermia is exposure to extreme cold, causing a drop in body temperature below normal
• heat stroke is exposure to high temperatures which can cause homeostatic mechanisms to fall
• type 1 diabetes is where insulin is not produced which causes high blood glucose
• type 2 diabetes is where cells are resistant to insulin which causes Hugh blood glucose
• when insulin is not produced look glucose levels remain high and can not be returned to normal through homeostasis
• beta cells are targeted in type 1 dilates through autoimmune assault by T cels which removes insulin
• in type 2 the beta cells still produce insulin but it doesnt work as well because receptors on cell membranes become less sensitive to insulin
• Glucose is an energy source for body cells and needs to diffuse by active transport which is facilitated by insulin
• hyperglycaemia occurs in indicates with diabetes
• hyperglycaemia occurs due to carrier proteins involved in returning glucose from the fluid in the kidney back to the blood are not able to deal with the level of glucose filtered
• type 1 diabetes symptoms

  • increased thirst due to increase in urine
  • low energy due to blood glucose excretion
  • blurred vision due to untreated elevated bloood glucose levels
• Hypoglycaemia is treated by glucose sources such as gummy tablets and more in order to save someone’s life from it.
• hypoglycaemia signs

  • excessive hunger
  • trembling
  • sweating
  • nausea
• glucagon is used to help with hypoglycaemia
• hyperthyroidism is a condition where thee s an over abundance in thyroid hormone. this increases the basal metabolic rate of a man
• hyperthyroidism is helped by partial removal of the gland or medicine