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• Research design

  The overall plan or strategy that guides a research project from its conception to the final analysis of data
• Good research design


  • Serves as a blueprint for how the researcher will collect and analyze data while ensuring consistency, reliability and validity throughout the study
• Most common research designs for quantitative studies

  • Descriptive
  • Correlational
  • Experimental
  • Quasi-experimental
• Descriptive research design

  Focuses on describing existing conditions, behaviors or characteristics without manipulating any variables
• Example of descriptive research


  • Studying the prevalence of smartphone addiction among adolescents by deploying a survey
• Correlational research design


  Identifies and measures relationships between two or more variables without manipulating them
• Correlational research design cannot establish causality, only correlation
• Experimental research design


  Determines if there is a causal relationship between variables by manipulating the independent variable while controlling other variables
• Experimental research design


  • Requires random assignment of participants to different groups or conditions
• Quasi-experimental research design is used when the researcher cannot or does not want to randomly assign participants to different groups</b>
• Quasi-experimental research design


  Relies on existing groups or pre-existing conditions to form groups for comparison
• Quasi-experimental research designs have more limitations than experimental designs in establishing causality