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• Research design


  The overall plan or strategy that guides a research project from its conception to the final analysis of data
• Good research design


  • Serves as a blueprint for how the researcher will collect and analyze data while ensuring consistency, reliability and validity throughout the study
• Four most common qualitative research designs

  • Phenomenological
  • Grounded Theory
  • Ethnographic
  • Case study
• Phenomenological research design


  Involves exploring the meaning of lived experiences and how they are perceived by individuals
• Phenomenological research design


  • Aims to uncover the essence of human experience without making any assumptions or imposing preconceived ideas on subjects
  • Typically involves using in-depth interviews or open-ended questionnaires to collect rich, detailed data about participants' subjective experiences
• Grounded Theory (GT) research design


  Aims to develop theories by continuously analyzing and comparing collected data from a relatively large number of participants
• Grounded Theory research design

  • Takes an inductive bottom-up approach with a focus on letting the data speak for itself without being influenced by pre-existing theories or the researcher's preconceptions
  • Involves collecting data through interviews or observations, analyzing it to identify patterns and themes, and then validating the emerging ideas by collecting more data until a saturation point is reached
• Ethnographic research design


  Involves observing and studying a culture-sharing group of people in their natural setting to gain insight into their behaviors, beliefs and values
• Ethnographic research design


  • Focuses on observing participants in their natural environment, combined with in-depth interviews to further explore specific areas of interest
  • Can generate rich, contextually embedded insights into the socio-cultural dynamics of human behavior, but comes with challenges such as researcher bias, participant confidentiality and ethical complexities
• Case study research design

  Investigates a single individual or a single group of individuals to gain an in-depth understanding of their experiences, behaviors or outcomes
• Case study research design

  • Offers a deep dive into the specific circumstances surrounding a person, group, event or phenomenon within a bounded setting or context
  • Can have different variations including single case, multiple case and longitudinal designs
  • Particularly useful when a deep and contextualized understanding of a specific phenomenon or issue is desired, but the findings cannot be generalized to the broader population