701: Research Methods - Module 1

• Science is a systematic approach to understanding natural phenomenons and how natural events relate.
• An Experiment is the systematic investigation and manipulation of variables.
• Practice refers to the act of providing interventions for clinical situations or problems based on the findings from research in their respective fields.
• Applied typically occurs in an applied setting or a natural enviorment of a problem.
• Applied research adresses real world problems.
• Qualitative research invetigates the quality of relationships, activities, situations, or materials.
• In a group design, the two typical measures that are used are pre and post-data collection format.
• Single-case research design can have multiple cases being studied.
• The dependent variable in single-case research is always behavior.
• Single-case research design uses baseline logic.
• Repeated measure design allows for greater understanding betwen IV and DV and other extraneous variables.
• Visual analysis is when we observe how data on a graph changes over time in response to our intervention.
• Written permission needs to be obtained from the relevant school's staff to conduct research in a school setting.
• Personally identifying information about the participants should always be removed and handled very carefully if it can't be removed.
• All data needs to be stored for a least 5 years.
• A comparative question asks how does an IV result in an increased or decreased DV compared to a different IV.
• A parametric question asks does a certain amount of unit or level of an IV produce a different effect on the DV than some of the other units/levels of the IV.
• A demonstrative question asks how does the IV result in an increase or decrease in behavior.
• Component analysis asks does an IV with a given component result in a change in the DV.
• You spend 6 months with groups of people and interview them for qualitative research.
• You have 500 people and put them in a treatment group or a control group for a group design.
• You measure 1 treatment on 3 people over time in a single-subject design.
• You assess the relationship between 2 variables in correlational research.
• You try to find the cause of something in causal research.
• Sampling bias occurs in SCD studies when researchers use additional, non-explicated, reasons for including or excluding potential participants.
• Multiple-treatment interference can occur when a study participant’s behavior is influenced by more than one planned “treatments” or interventions during the course of a study.
• Instability refers to the amount of variability in the data (dependent variable) over time.
• Cyclical variability is a specific type of data instability that refers to a repeated and predictable pattern in the data series over time.
• Regression to the mean refers to the likelihood that following an outlying data point, data are likely to revert back to levels closer to the average value.
• Adaptation refers to a period of time at the start of an investigation in which participants’ recorded behavior may differ from their natural behavior due to the novel conditions under which data are collected.
• The Hawthorne Effect, which refers to participants’ observed behavior not being representative of their natural behavior as a result of their knowledge that they are participants in an experiment.