devpsych M7

• AGE 3 - children lose their babyish roundness and take on

  slender, athletic appearance of childhood
• 34 lbs - average weight
• Physical growth - continues during the years from 3 to 6, but

  more slowly than during infancy and toddlerhood.
• Boys are on average slightly taller, heavier, and more

  muscular than girls.
• Sleep patterns - change during early childhood as

  throughout life, and are affected by cultural

  expectations. Occasional sleepwalking, sleep terrors,

  and nightmares are common,
• persistent sleep - problems may indicate emotional disturbances.

  Bedwetting (enuresis) is usually outgrown without

  special help.
• HANDEDNESS - using a particular hand.
• Handedness - is usually evident by age 3, reflecting

  dominance by the left hemisphere of the brain which

  controls the right side of the body.
• ARTISTIC DEVELOPMENT - The switch from abstract form/design to depict real objects marks a fundamental change in the purpose of children’s

  drawing
• It is important for the child to have little to no adult

  involvement with their drawing or it could damage creativity
• Obesity - is a serious problem among U.S. preschoolers.
• THE PREOPERATIONAL STAGE - AGE: 2 to 7 years
• THE PREOPERATIONAL STAGE - presents an expansion in the use of symbolic thought (developed during the sensorimotor stage).
• child gains the ability to use mental

  representations with meanings and to think about

  something in the absence of sensory or motor cues.
• Encoding: - Process by which information is prepared for

  long-term storage and later retrieval.
• Working memory - Short-term storage of information

  being actively processed.
• Sensory memory - Initial, brief, temporary storage of

  sensory information.
• Long-term memory - Storage of virtually unlimited

  capacity that holds information for long periods
• Recall - Ability to reproduce material from memory.
• Recognition - Ability to identify a previously encountered stimulus.
• Generic memory - Memory that produces scripts of familiar

  routines to guide behavior.
• Script - General remembered outline of a familiar,

  repeated event, used to guide behavior.
• Episodic memory - Long-term memory of specific experiences

  or events, linked to time and place.
• Episodic memories - are

  temporary, given a child’s limited memory capacity.
• Autobiographical memory: -Memory of specific events in one’s

  life. Only those memories that have a special, personal meaning

  to the child.
• STANFORD-BINET INTELLIGENCE SCALES - Individual intelligence tests for ages 2 and up used to measure fluid reasoning (the ability to solve abstract or novel problems),

  knowledge, quantitative reasoning,
• WECHSLER PRESCHOOL AND PRIMARY SCALE OF INTELLIGENCE,

  REVISED (WPPSI-IV) Individual intelligence test for children ages 2 1⁄2 to 7 that yields verbal and performance scores as well as a combined score.
• Fast mapping - Process by which a child absorbs the meaning of

  a new word after hearing it once or twice in conversation.
• PRIVATE SPEECH - Involves talking aloud to oneself with no intent to

  communicate with others.
• Private speech - is normal and common; it may aid in the

  shift to self-regulation.
• THE MONTESSORI METHOD - based on the belief that children’s

  natural intelligence involves rational, spiritual, and empirical

  aspects.
• THE REGGIO EMILIA APPROACH - A less formal model than Montessori. Teachers follow children’s interests and support them in exploring and investigating ideas and feelings through words, movement, dramatic play and music.