A03
Cards (4)
- * evidence to support from cooper?
- researched into aggression in vipers
- found that all of them when they have bitten their prey they use chemical signal to help them locate body later
- all viper species have FAP for aggression
- so they can locate body later & enhance chances of survival as they can eat & survive
- * empirical evidence from tinbergen?
- male stickleback fish responds to stimuli of red underbelly with set sequence of behaviours - being aggressive
- tinbergen presented wooden models of different shapes to make stickleback fish
- found no matter shape/how realistic it looked fish would attack if it had red spot on underbelly
- if model did not have red spot - not attacked
- fish have FAP as they only attack those with red underbelly (sign stimulus) can see they are males
- environment is under threat (situation specific)
- more chance of passing genes if theyre ballistic
- X ungeneralisable?
- research does not lead to much in terms of conclusions that we can generalise to humans
- we do share common ancestor but evolved quantitatively & qualitatively - different brains to animals studied
- we have society/culture & rules/regulations to live by which prevent aggression
- explanation suggests behaviour is universal within species
- humans respond differently to certain situations
- ? population
- humans dont all have same FAP for same stimulus
- so cant be said that same FAP for aggression occurs in all humans
- cannot generalise
- X may not actually be looking at aggression?
- most research in this area measures aggression as killing/injuring another creature
- may be just predatory behaviour & doing it to survive to get food - not with aggressive intent
- animals cannot communicate how they feel
- IRM & FAP may not be about aggressive behaviour & actually about survival
- due to lack of communication with animal species difficult to determine motive for these behaviours
- means aggression in other non human species could be for different reasons