.1 Homeostasis

• Homeostasis maintains optimal conditions for enzyme action and all cell functions.
• In the human body, these include control of:

  blood glucose concentration

  body temperature

  water levels.
• In the human body, these include control of:

  blood glucose concentration

  body temperature

  water levels.
• These automatic control systems may involve nervous responses or chemical responses
• All control systems include:

  cells called receptors, which detect stimuli (changes in the environment)

  coordination centres (such as the brain, spinal cord and pancreas) that receive and process information from receptors

  effectors, muscles or glands, which bring about responses which restore optimum levels.