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Contraception
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Contraception
Any artificial method used to prevent
pregnancy
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Types of contraception
Hormonal
Non-hormonal
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Hormonal methods
Usually release
oestrogen
or
progesterone
, or a combination of the two
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How oestrogen-based hormonal contraception works
Inhibits
the production of
FSH
, so an egg cannot mature or be released
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How progesterone-based hormonal contraception works
Stimulates the production of
thick mucus
in the cervix, preventing the sperm from reaching the
egg
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Hormonal contraceptives
Combined
oral contraceptive pill
Progesterone
only pill
Contraceptive
patch
Contraceptive
injection
Contraceptive
implant
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Combined oral contraceptive pill
99
% effective at preventing
pregnancy
, but has side effects like headaches and nausea
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Progesterone only pill
Fewer side effects
than
combined
pill
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Contraceptive patch
Slowly releases
oestrogen
and
progesterone
, each patch lasts a week
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Contraceptive injection
Injects
progesterone
into the upper arm, each dose lasts
2-3
months
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Contraceptive implant
Placed under the
skin
of the arm, slowly releases
progesterone
for up to 3 years
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Intrauterine device (IUD)
Placed inside the uterus, releases
progesterone
to stimulate
thick mucus
production
Copper
version releases small amounts of
copper
which are toxic to sperm
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Non-hormonal contraception
Prevent the
sperm
from
physically
meeting the egg
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Non-hormonal
contraceptives
Condoms
Diaphragm
Spermicide
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Condoms
Worn over the
penis
to trap sperm, also protect against
sexually
transmitted diseases
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Diaphragm
Fits over the cervix to block sperm from entering the
uterus
, unreliable so must be used with
spermicide
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Spermicide
A substance that
kills sperm
, can be used alone as a form of
contraception
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Sterilisation
In women: cutting the
fallopian tubes
to prevent
eggs
passing from ovaries to uterus
In men: cutting the sperm ducts to stop
release
of
sperm
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Natural contraception methods
Sex
at certain times of the month when woman is
least fertile
Stopping sex just before
ejaculation
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Natural contraception methods are very
unreliable
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Abstaining from sex altogether is the only
100
% sure way to prevent pregnancy
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