Contraception

    Cards (21)

    • Contraception
      Any artificial method used to prevent pregnancy
    • Types of contraception
      • Hormonal
      • Non-hormonal
    • Hormonal methods
      Usually release oestrogen or progesterone, or a combination of the two
    • How oestrogen-based hormonal contraception works
      Inhibits the production of FSH, so an egg cannot mature or be released
    • How progesterone-based hormonal contraception works
      Stimulates the production of thick mucus in the cervix, preventing the sperm from reaching the egg
    • Hormonal contraceptives
      • Combined oral contraceptive pill
      • Progesterone only pill
      • Contraceptive patch
      • Contraceptive injection
      • Contraceptive implant
    • Combined oral contraceptive pill
      • 99% effective at preventing pregnancy, but has side effects like headaches and nausea
    • Progesterone only pill
      • Fewer side effects than combined pill
    • Contraceptive patch
      • Slowly releases oestrogen and progesterone, each patch lasts a week
    • Contraceptive injection
      • Injects progesterone into the upper arm, each dose lasts 2-3 months
    • Contraceptive implant
      • Placed under the skin of the arm, slowly releases progesterone for up to 3 years
    • Intrauterine device (IUD)
      • Placed inside the uterus, releases progesterone to stimulate thick mucus production
      • Copper version releases small amounts of copper which are toxic to sperm
    • Non-hormonal contraception
      Prevent the sperm from physically meeting the egg
    • Non-hormonal contraceptives

      • Condoms
      • Diaphragm
      • Spermicide
    • Condoms
      • Worn over the penis to trap sperm, also protect against sexually transmitted diseases
    • Diaphragm
      • Fits over the cervix to block sperm from entering the uterus, unreliable so must be used with spermicide
    • Spermicide
      • A substance that kills sperm, can be used alone as a form of contraception
    • Sterilisation
      • In women: cutting the fallopian tubes to prevent eggs passing from ovaries to uterus
      • In men: cutting the sperm ducts to stop release of sperm
    • Natural contraception methods
      • Sex at certain times of the month when woman is least fertile
      • Stopping sex just before ejaculation
    • Natural contraception methods are very unreliable
    • Abstaining from sex altogether is the only 100% sure way to prevent pregnancy
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