Genome Research in Medicine

• The Human Genome Project (HGP) was a major international research effort that aimed to map out the complete human genetic code. From 1990 to 2003, scientists across the globe worked together to sequence all 3 billion DNA base pairs that make up the human genome.

  The HGP identified around 20500 human genes and has so far found about 2000 genes linked to diseases. Understanding the human genome has opened up new possibilities for medicine, genetic research, and personalised healthcare.
• Why is the human genome important?

  1. It helps us understand how genetic diseases work so preventative steps can be taken. People can get screened to detect health risks early and start treatment sooner.
  2. It aids the diagnosis and treatment of inherited disorders by letting us quickly identify faulty genes. New personalised drugs and therapies can be tailored to a patient's specific genetic makeup (this is sometimes called personalised medicine).
• Drawbacks of genetic screening

  1. Learning about their genetic risks can cause stress and mental health issues for some people.
  2. Genetic discrimination may lead to unfair treatment in jobs and insurance for those with certain gene variants. Strict regulations are needed to prevent gene-based bias.
  3. There are concerns about the misuse of genetic data by employers and insurers, emphasising the need for privacy protections.