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biology paper 2
Fossils & Extinction
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Fossils are the
remains
of
organisms
from
millions
of
years
ago, which are
found
in
rocks.
Why are fossils used to as evidence for
evolution
?
Fossils show us how
species
have
changed
over
millions
of
years
Why is the fossil record incomplete?
Some fossils
formed
long
ago may have been
destroyed
since
Some
organisms
are
soft-bodied
so do not
fossilise
well
Three main ways fossils can form
Hard
body
parts
, such as
bones
and
shells
, which
decay
very
slowly
, are gradually
replaced
by
minerals
, forming
rock-like
substances.
Animals
can leave
impressions
or
casts
, such as
footprints
or
burrows.
These become
covered
by
layers
of
sediment
, which eventually become
rock.
Some parts of
organisms
may not
decay
at all. For example,
dead
animals
and
plants
can be
preserved
in
amber
,
peat bogs
,
tar
pits
, or in
ice.
Why might a dead animal be preserved in a tar pit, rather than decay?
Not
enough
oxygen
for
decay
to take
place
The
lack
of
oxygen
means that
microorganisms
can't
respire
aerobically
and so can't
carry
out the
decay
process.
What does it mean for a species to become extinct?
There are
no
remaining
individuals
of a
species
still
alive.
Suggest three ways a species may become extinct.
Rapid environment change
such as an increase in temperature
Reduction
in
habitat
as it could reduce food and living space
Increase hunting
as individuals are directly killed
The
spread
of a new
disease
Introduction of a new
competitor
or
predator
A
catastrophic event
, such as an asteroid strike
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