conflict and change

• example: COVID-19 pandemic


  Positive is that people kept in contact more with families due to social media and phones, created more jobs online, people knew about what was going on due to social media and the Internet

  Negative is that people spent too much time online and reduced real life, social interactions, people felt isolated, and social anxiety increased, spread so fast due to globalisation, so people catch flights everywhere
• cOVID-19


  #YouAreNotAlone- started and made people feel united

  Truck and trace up was set up and helped people keep safe and know if they were positive cases near them
• religious fundamentalism


  Isis want to return to traditional ways of life and use modern technology to gain support plan and share activities.

  Social media allows them to spread propaganda, radicalise and recruit people such as Shamima Begum

  They post videos on social media of terrorist activity
• terror attacks in New Zealand


  Christchurch mosque, shootings

  15th of March 2018, mass shootings occurred, and it was live streamed for 17 minutes on Facebook spread over social media and 49 people were killed
• Sri Lanka, Easter Sunday attack

  Bombings, 21st of April 2019, three, churches and three hotels targeted by Isis and 253 people died

  They use social media such as WhatsApp Snapchat to coordinate attacks and plan them
• Isis


  46,000 Twitter accounts used by Isis supporters between the September and December 2014. They get suspended but easily create new duplicate accounts and post propaganda videos.
• The Taliban Internet strategy


  Use social media for propaganda possesses several Internet domains and uses email to communicate with journalist, such as Shamima Begum. It is effective for propaganda warfare and recruiting people such as young people being at risk.

  Films distributed on Taliban websites pass from mobile phones to others and reaching broader audiences through outlets, such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube and as it’s spreading globally
• Weimann- theatre of terror


  90% of organised terrorism activities on the Internet take place via social media due to platforms like Twitter, Facebook and YouTube and Internet foreign spread messages, recruit members and gather intelligence

  Social media tools are cheap and broadly accessible and it allows the groups to engage with networks
• example of theatre of terror

  -New Zealand, Isis attack

  -Alan henning who was a charity volunteer went to help at the war in Syria, but was captured, and his death was posted online globally, which created this theatre of terror, as he was tortured
• Kirkpatrick- Facebook effect


  Social media can be used as a catalyst that speed of reaction for positive social change. it mobilises people to bring them together to achieve a goal, such as on Facebook
• Kirkpatrick: examples


  Columbia – 10 million people mobilised in street demonstrations organised on Facebook in response to violence of the forces in Columbia

  USA – Obama used Facebook a lot and had 2 million American supporters on Facebook, so he won the election because he had a increased social network compared to the other people running for president
• Digital communication, mobilise people:

  Immediate communication such as black lives matter

  Wider audience such as Arab spring

  Silence groups can speak out such as #WomenToDrive

  People speak out against oppression, such as black lives matter

  Helps people feel united such as Gaza & Rafah in Palestine on TikTok Instagram, Snapchat
• Arab Arab spring 2010 example


  Aunty, government, protests and arm rebellions are spread across the Arabelle in response to oppressive regimes and low standard of living with protest, starting in Tunisia that spread it to other countries such as Syria

  Positive is that brought about change as the government was overthrown and it raised awareness

  Negativities, they increased riots and actually led to the war in Syria
• Egypt – example


  Protests began on the 25th of January 2011 for 18 days

  Negative, because government eliminated the nations Internet access to stop protesters ability to use media activism to organise through social media

  Spread it information online, the activist established a network of resistance within Egypt. Political society and social media was a tool to facilitate collective action and activist were connected to each of the and express anxiety and vocalise feelings.
• more example


  Political activists use social media to highlight government abuses, but these lead to protests and demonstrations government can have negative response
• cultural homogenisation


  Create all culture, the same due to:

  Capitalist ideology, where working class exploited in pursuit of profit

  Patriarchal ideology

  Consumerism such as Giddins Americanisation

  Secular ideas, such as western Society having scientific view of the world

  Increased individualism, which is increased emphasis on individual priorities over society, such as Millers, why we post
• Cultural defence


  A03 to cultural homogenisation

  It is when cultures and societies defend their traditional culture by rejecting homogenisation, such as the Awa tribe