Urinary System

• Urinalysis

  -screens for diseases

  -detects infection

  -diagnose a medical condition
• Urochrome

  yellow pigment in urine
• Functions of Urinary System

  -removes waste from blood

  -maintains concentration of water and electrolytes
• Urinary system Structure


  kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
• Kidney


  filters waste from the blood
• Where is the kidney?

  retroperitoneal
• Renal medulla


  inner area of the kidney
• Renal cortex


  Outer shell
• Renal sinus


  Medial side
• What is the blood supply to the kidney?

  Renal artery and renal veins
• Path of blood flow in kidneys

  Renal arteries attach to aorta

  Renal veins to the inferior vena cava
• What does blood when it enters kidney?

  It moves into smaller arterioles
• Diffusion


  Removes substances from blood and collects into a filtrate which is removed in urine
• Renal Pyramids


  Contains nephrons and each kidney has 7-18 of them
• Nephron


  functional unit of the kidney
• Pathway for filtrate


  1. Bowman's Capsule (glomerulus)

  2. Proximal tubule

  3. Loop of Henle

  4. Distal Tubule

  5. Collecting Duct
• Glomerulus


  Blood enters kidney in a different arteriole

  - glumerolus enclosed by the Bowman's capsule connects to proximal tubule
• Secretion


  Removes substances from the blood and collects it as urine
• reabsorption


  Moves water, glucose and other substances back into the blood
• Mictrurition


  Stretch receptors signal bladder full
• Detrusor


  Muscle attach to sphincter and controls urination
• Urethra


  tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
• Catheter


  -tube that can be inserted into a body cavity duct or vessel

  -the process of inserting catheter is catheterization
• Kidney Stones

  Minerals from inside the kidney and must pass through the ureter
• Cystisis


  -bacteria enters the bladder or kidney common in women
• Symptoms of Cystisis


  Thick and discolored urine, strong-smelling urine
• Bladder Cancer


  -Smoking increases the risk of bladder

  -Chemotherapy of removal of bladder

  -Bladder cannot be replaced with donor or prosthetic
• Prostate Enlargement


  growth of the prostate due to changes in prostatic cells with age, which can result in pain and difficult urination
• Overactive Bladder


  sudden contractions of the bladder produce sensation of urgency, also more common in women
• Incontinence


  inability to control urination
• Duplicated ureter


  congenital in which ureteric bud splits resulting in 2 draining a single kidney
• Dialysis


  May be used to clean the blood