Review Sheet

• Levels of organization in the body from smallest to largest

  • Organelles
  • Cells
  • Tissues
  • Organs
  • Organ systems
• 4 types of body tissue

  • Connective tissue
  • Muscle tissue
  • Nerve tissue
  • Epithelial tissue
• Organ


  A group of tissues designed to do a specific job
• Organ system


  A group of organs made to help the human body function
• 5 purposes of the skeletal system

  • Provide shape, structure and support
  • Protect internal organs
  • Help with movement
  • Produce blood
  • Store calcium and phosphorus
• A fracture is temporary, osteoporosis is not
• Function of the muscular system

  To move
• 3 types of muscle tissue

  • Smooth muscle (involuntary)
  • Skeletal muscle (voluntary)
  • Cardiac muscle (involuntary)
• Flexor muscle


  When contracted, bends a limb
• Extensor muscle


  When contracted, straightens a limb
• Purposes of the integumentary system

  • Protect the body from injury and infection
  • Prevent dehydration
  • Regulate body temperature
  • Eliminate waste
  • Gather sensory information
  • Produce vitamin D
• Layers of skin damaged in a 3rd degree burn

  Epidermis, dermis and hypodermis
• How the integumentary system keeps us warm

  Through sweating
• How the integumentary system cools us down

  Through sweating
• The integumentary system produces vitamin D which the bones use
• There are muscles in the dermis of the skin
• Blood vessels are considered "organs" for the cardiovascular system


  They contribute with other organs to a specific function in the body
• 4 chambers of the heart

  • Left atrium
  • Right atrium
  • Left ventricle
  • Right ventricle
• 8 human blood types

  • A
  • B
  • AB
  • O
  • Rh+
  • Rh-
  • A+
  • A-
• If you can accept both Type O- and Type A+ blood, your blood type might be A or AB
• Purpose of the respiratory system

  To take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide
• Path of oxygen from inhalation to blood

  1. Nose/mouth

  2. Pharynx

  3. Trachea

  4. Bronchus

  5. Bronchioles

  6. Alveoli

  7. Blood
• Function of the digestive system

  Break nutrients into small parts and provide energy for the body
• 6 essential nutrients


  • Water
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Carbohydrates
• GI tract


  Gastrointestinal tract
• 5 major organs of the GI tract in order

  • Mouth
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small intestine
  • Large intestine
• Accessory organ


  An organ that produces an enzyme or other helpful digestive fluid but doesn't have food physically moving through them
• 4 accessory organs of the digestive system

  • Liver
  • Pancreas
  • Gallbladder
  • Salivary glands
• Contribution of each system as a slice of pizza is eaten and processed

  1. Muscular: to chew and swallow food

  2. Skeletal: to protect organs

  3. Digestive: directly responsible for breaking down the pizza

  4. Cardiovascular: transports absorbed nutrients throughout the bloodstream
• Function of the excretory system

  To filter blood and create urine as a waste product
• Major organs involved in producing urine

  • Kidneys
  • Ureters
  • Bladder
  • Urethra
• What urine is made from

  Waste and water
• Why doctors analyze urine

  To check for diseases
• Function of the nervous system

  To receive and interpret sensory information and translate this into a response
• 3 organs of the nervous system

  • Brain
  • Spinal cord
  • Nerves
• 2 parts of the central nervous system

  • Brain
  • Spinal cord
• 3 regions of the brain

  • Cerebrum
  • Cerebellum
  • Brainstem
• 4 lobes of the cerebrum

  • Frontal lobe
  • Parietal lobe
  • Occipital lobe
  • Temporal lobe
• Function of the endocrine system

  To release hormones in the blood for the regulation of daily functions
• Where hormones go when released by a gland

  Into the bloodstream